ch.1 Intro to Cognitive Psych

Question 1

Cognitive Psych

Answer 1

the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of the mind

Question 2

Behaviorism

Answer 2

the approach that observable behavior provides the only valid data for psychology
founded by John B. Watson

Question 3

How are behaviorism and cog psych different?

Answer 3

one approach is how the mind works and the other is how we react to our environment

Question 4

Wundt’s main ideas (1879)

Answer 4

• structuralism
• analytic introspection
• first laboratory

Question 5

Structuralism

Answer 5

an approach to psychology that explained perception as the adding up of small elementary units called sensations

Question 6

Analytical Introspection

Answer 6

a procedure used by early psychologists in which trained participants described their experiences and thought processes in response to stimuli

Question 7

first laboratory

Answer 7

founded by William Wundt in the University of of Leipzig, Germany

Question 8

Ebbinghaus main ideas (1885)

Answer 8

savings method to measure forgetting

Question 9

Saving curves

Answer 9

memory drops rapidly for the first 2 days after the initial learning and then levels off.

Question 10

What did Ebbinghaus contribute?

Answer 10

quantitative measurement of mental processes

Question 11

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 11

dogs salivate when they see or smell food, without being told to eat
explained the unconditioned response or instinctual response we have to a certain stimuli

Question 12

Thorndike (1874-1949)

Answer 12

is famous for his experiments with cats placed in a puzzle box. He observed how they learned to escape, and also if and when they found to lever to get out, if they would use it again.

Question 13

Thorndikes Law of Effect

Answer 13

stated that any behavior that is followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated, and any behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is likely to be stopped.

Question 14

John Watson

Answer 14

proved in his work that humans could also be classically conditioned, discovered phobias from other associations

Question 15

Little Albert Experiment

Answer 15

the experiment where a furry rabbit was presented to an infant followed by a loud noise. Over time, little Albert was scared and would cry at the sight of the rabbit or those similar even when the noise was not heard right after.

Question 16

Skinner (1938)

Answer 16

the founder of Operant Conditioning

Question 17

Operant Conditioning

Answer 17

type of conditioning which focuses on how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers, such as food or social approval, or withdrawal of negative reinforcers, such as shock or social rejection

Question 18

Noam Chomsky (1965)

Answer 18

in opposition to BF Skinner’s idea of language acquisition, he argued the Universal Grammar theory

Question 19

Universal Grammar theory

Answer 19

Universal Grammar: an idea of innate, biological grammatical categories, such as a noun category and a verb category that facilitate the entire language development in children and overall language processing in adults

Question 20

Albert Bandura (1961)

Answer 20

best known for Bobo Doll Experiment
Argued against Skinner believes that humans are active information processors and think about the relationship between their behavior and its consequences. Observational learning could not occur unless cognitive processes were at work.

Question 21

Social Learning Theory

Answer 21

behavior is learned from the environment through the process of observational learning.

Question 22

Bobo Doll Experiment

Answer 22

An experiment that tested children’s aggression levels by giving one group an aggressive model to imitate and another no model. The children were told to hit the bobo doll with in various ways based on what they saw.

Question 23

Bandura’s contribution

Answer 23

explained how individuals who are observed are models. Children in particular are influenced by their surrounding models like their parents, teachers and peers.