Ch.3 - Culture

Question 1

culture

Answer 1

knowledge, language, values, customs - passed from person-person, generations, and societies

Question 2

nature v. nurture

Answer 2

nature - genetics

nurture - how we are raised

which one determines who we come out to be

Question 3

reflex

Answer 3

like your hand moving away from something that is hot

Question 4

drives

Answer 4

things that satisfy our needs (hunger, sleep, thirst)

Question 5

Why does culture need to be taught?

Answer 5

to reach HUMAN POTENTIAL

Question 6

material culture

Answer 6

PHYSICAL / tangible creations that a society makes

Question 7

nonmaterial culture

Answer 7

NON-PHYSICAL / intangible human creations of society - influences people’s behavior

Question 8

what are the central components of nonmaterial culture

Answer 8

-beliefs
-ideas
-attitudes

Question 9

culture universals

Answer 9

customs & practices that occur across all societies

• ensures smooth / continual operation of society

Question 10

power relations

Answer 10

dominant cultural patterns

Question 11

culture shock

Answer 11

experiencing something you’re not used to

Question 12

ethnocentrism

Answer 12

practice of judging all other cultures by one’s own culture

Question 13

cultural relativism

Answer 13

behaviors of any culture must be analyzed by the culture’s own standards

Question 14

cultural imperialism

Answer 14

imposition of one’s own cultural values on another culture - makes their culture the new standard for everyone

Question 15

symbols

Answer 15

anything that meaningfully represents something else

Question 16

language

Answer 16

set of symbols that express ideas & helps communicate w/ one another

Question 17

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Answer 17

language shapes the view of reality + its speakers

Question 18

values

Answer 18

collective ideas on what is right / wrong, good/bad, in a particular culture

Question 19

norms

Answer 19

established rules, behaviors, standards of conduct

Question 20

formal norms

Answer 20

laws

Question 21

informal norms

Answer 21

social cuess

Question 22

social control

Answer 22

encourage conformity to cultural norms

1) internal - w/i one’s self/mind
2) external - punishments for behavior

Question 23

sanctions

Answer 23

rewards for appropriate behavior / penalties for inappropriate behavior

-rewards = positive reinforcement

Question 24

folkways

Answer 24

informal norms, everyday customs that may be violated w/o serious consequences

Question 25

mores

Answer 25

STRONGLY HELD NORMS - w/ moral + ethical connotations that may be violated w/o serious consequences in a particular culture (TABOOS)

Question 26

laws

Answer 26

formal, standardized norms that have been enacted = ENFORCED

Question 27

high culture

Answer 27

eliteness, high standard

Question 28

popular culture

Answer 28

media + experiences w/ working + middle class

Question 29

culture capital

Answer 29

high culture as device to keep out the subordinate class to access upward mobility

Question 30

subculture

Answer 30

a category of people who share beliefs that set them apart from dominant culture

Question 31

ethnic subculture

Answer 31

people from a different country, come in and practice their own cultures w/i a known culture

Question 32

countercultures

Answer 32

groups that STRONGLY REJECT dominant societal values + norms, seek alternative lifestyles (CULTS) - disrespect!!!

Question 33

innovation

Answer 33

renewing / updating an invention

Question 34

discovery

Answer 34

finding a new concept / idea

Question 35

invention

Answer 35

creation of something new

Question 36

cultural lag

Answer 36

adapting to change + ability to use new technology

Question 37

cultural diversity

Answer 37

homogeneous + heterogeneous societies