Ch.2 - Sociological Research

Question 1

Research

Answer 1

process of systematically collecting info for the purpose of testing + extending theories

Question 2

The two types of research

Answer 2

1) Qualitative
2) Quantitative

Question 3

Quantitative Research

Answer 3

data measured numerically, objectivity

Question 4

Qualitative Research

Answer 4

underlying meanings, patterns

Question 5

deductive science

Answer 5

starts w/ theories + KNOWLEDGE

• then goes to hypotheses, observations, generalization

Question 6

inductive science

Answer 6

starts w/ NO KNOWLEDGE, just observations

• then goes to generalizations, theories, and hypotheses

Question 7

validity

Answer 7

ACCURACY

is the study accurately measuring what it’s supposed to measure

Question 8

reliability

Answer 8

CONSISTENCY

can the instrument used provide consistent results when applied to different subjects

Question 9

hypothesis

Answer 9

statement of the expected relationship b/t two variables (IV + DV)

Question 10

operational definition / operationalization

Answer 10

measuring something that is not quantified, deeply explaining and defining it

Question 11

variables

Answer 11

measurable traits / characteristics that changes, varies person-person

• Independent Variable
• Dependent Variable

Question 12

Independent Variable

Answer 12

THE CAUSE

• cause of influential factor of relationship b/t variables

Question 13

Dependent Variable

Answer 13

THE EFFECT

• what results from the IV being applied
• what is being measured

Question 14

Correlation / Causation

Answer 14

• relationship between IV and DV is strictly correlation unless experiment occurs which proves causation

Question 15

positively correlated

Answer 15

dog walking increases
health increases

Question 16

negatively correlated

Answer 16

social integration decreases
suicide risk increases

Question 17

research methods

Answer 17

specific strategies, techniques for systematically conducting research

Question 18

survey

Answer 18

poll where researchers gather facts to determine relationships

• can gather both quantitative + qualitative data

-researcher can offer INCENTIVE to get more people to answer the survey

Question 19

population

Answer 19

focus of the study

Question 20

sample

Answer 20

number of subjects who represent a larger population

Question 21

interview

Answer 21

1-1 or group conversation b/t the researcher and subject

• can be used for surveys + quantitative data collection

Question 22

secondary data analysis

Answer 22

use of existing material + analyze data - originally collected by others

Question 23

field research

Answer 23

study of social life in its natural setting

Question 24

ethnography

Answer 24

period of years - OBSERVING

• more intense (more times w/ subjects)

Question 25

experiments

Answer 25

designed situations where the researcher studies the impact of certain IVs and DVs

• experimental and control group

Question 26

code of ethics

Answer 26

1) disclose all findings

2) right to privacy

3) confidentiality

4) research collab and disclose $$ support

Question 27

why was the code of ETHICS created

Answer 27

there has been a lot of irreversible damage from experiments - made to prevent this from happening again