Ch3 Cellular Level of Organism Flashcards
Transport across the cell membrane that requires energy
Active Transport
Active Transport
Across the cell membrane that requires energy
Molecule that has a difference in polarity between its two ends resulting in water solubility
Amphipathic
Amphipathic
Molecule that has a difference in polarity between its two ends resulting in water solubility
3rd Stage of Mitosis/Meiosis where sister chromatids separate into two nuclear regions of a dividing cell
Anaphase
Anaphase
3rd Stage of Mitosis/Meiosis where sister chromatids separate into two nuclear regions of a dividing cell
Sequence of 3 nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a specific codon on an mRNA molecule
anticodon
anticodon
Sequence of 3 nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that is complementary to a specific codon on an mRNA molecule
Breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action
Autolysis
Autolysis
Breakdown of cells by their own enzymatic action
Lysosomal breakdown of a cell’s own components
Autophagy
Autophagy
Lysosomal breakdown of a cell’s own components
Cell cycle
Life cycle of a single cell from birth until division into daughter cells
Life cycle of a single cell from birth until division
Cell cycle
Membrane surrounding all animal cells, composed of a lipid bilayer interspersed with various molecules, also known as plasma membrane
Cell Membrane
Cell Membrane
Membrane surrounding all animal cells, composed of a lipid bilayer interspersed with various molecules, also known as plasma membrane
Another term for cell membrane
plasma membrane
Another term for plasma membrane
cell membrane
Small, self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for microtubule growth and moves DNA during cell division
Centriole
Centriole
Small self-replicating organelle that provides the origin for microtubule growth and moves DNA during cell division
Centromere
Region of attachment for two sister chromatids
Region of attachment for two sister chromatids
Centromere
Centrosome
Cellular structure that organizes microtubules during cell division
Cellular structure that organizes microtubules during cell division
Centrosome
Channel protein
membrane-spanning protein that has an inner pore which allows the passage of one or more substances
Membrane spanning protein that has an inner pore which allows the passage of one or more substances
Channel protein
Checkpoint
Progress point int eh cell cycle during which certain conditions must be met in order for the cell to proceed to a subsequence phase
Progress point in the cell cycle during which conditions must be met in order for the cell to proceed to a subsequent phase
Checkpoint
Chromatin
Substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins
Substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins
Chromatin
Chromosome
Condensed version of chromatin, a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Condensed version of chromatin, a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Chromosome
Cilia
Small appendage formed by microtubules and modified for movement of materials across the cell surface
Small appendage formed by microtubules and modified for movement of materials across the cell surface
Cilia
Cleavage furrow
Contractile ring that forms around a cell during cytokinesis that pinches the cell into two halves
Contractile ring that forms across a cell during cytokinesis that pinches the cell into two halves
Cleavage furrow
Codon
Consecutive sequence of three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule that corresponds to a specific amino acid
Consecutive sequence of three nucleotides on an mRNA molecule that corresponds to a specific amino acid
Codon
Concentration Gradient
Difference in the concentration of a substance between two regions
Difference in the concentration of a substance between two regions
Concentration Gradient
Cyclin
One of a group of proteins that function in the progression of the cell cycle
One of a group of proteins that function in the progression of the cell cycle
Cyclin
CDK Stands for
Cyclin Dependent Kinase
Ctyokinesis
Final stage in cell division where the cytoplasm divides to form two separate daughter cells
Final stage in cell division where the cytoplasm divides to form two separate daughter cells
Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm
Material between the cell membrane and the nucleus, organelles and materials exist
Material between the cell membrane and the nucleus, organelles and materials exist
Cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
Rod proteins that support the cell’s shape
Rod proteins that support the cell’s shape
Cytoskeleton
Cytosol
Fluid medium in the cytoplasm, mostly water
Fluid medium in the cytoplasm, mostly water
Cytosol
Diffusion
Movement of a substance from an area of higher conc. to lower
Movement of a substance from an area of higher conc. to lower
Diffusion
Diploid
Condition marked by the presence of a double complement of genetic material
Condition marked by the presence of a double complement of genetic material
Diploid
DNA Polymerase
Enzyme that functions in adding new nucleotides to a growing strand of DNA during replication
Enzyme that functions in adding new nucleotides to a growing strand of DNA during replication
DNA polymerase
DNA replication
Duplicating a molecule of DNA
Duplicating a molecule of DNA
DNA replication
Electrical gradient
Difference in the electrical charge (potential) between two regions
Difference in the electrical charge (potential) between two regions
Electrical gradient
Endocytosis
Import of material into the cell by formation of a membrane bound vesicle
Import of material into the cell by formation of a membrane bound vesicle
Endocytosis
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Cellular organelle that consists of interconnected membrane-bound tubules, which might be associated with ribosomes
Cellular organelle that consists of interconnected membrane-bound tubules, which might be associated with ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Exocytosis
Export of a substance out of a cell by formation of a membrane bound vesicle
Export of a substance out of a cell by formation of a membrane bound vesicle
Exocytosis
Exon
One of the coding regions of an mRNA molecule that remain after splicing
One of the coding regions of an mRNA molecule that remain after splicing
Exon
Extracellular Fluid
Fluid outside cells, includes interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and fluid found in other reservoirs
Fluid outside cells, includes interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and fluid found in other reservoirs
Extracellular Fluid
Facilitated diffusion
Diffusion of a substance with help from membrane protein
Diffusion of a substance with help from membrane protein
Facilitated diffusion
Flagellum
Appendage on cells formed by microtubules, modified for movement
Appendage on cells formed by microtubules, modified for movement
Flagellum
G0 Phase
Cell cycle phase, from G1 phase, long period where the cell does not move forward into DNA synthesis
Cell cycle phase, from G1 phase, long period where the cell does not move forward into DNA synthesis
G0 Phase
G1 Phase
Phase after new cell is born
Phase after new cell is born
G1 Phase
G2 Phase
3rd phase in cell cycle after DNA synthesis
3rd phase in cell cycle after DNA synthesis
G2 Phase
Gene
Functional length of DNA that provides the genetic information necessary to build a protein
Functional length of DNA that provides the genetic information necessary to build a protein
Gene
Gene expression
Active interpretation of the info coded in a gene to produce a functional gene product
Active interpretation of the info coded in a gene to produce a functional gene product
Gene expression
Genome
Entire complement of an organisms DNA found within almost every cell
Entire complement of an organisms DNA found within almost every cell
Genome
Glycocalyx
Coating of sugar molecules that surrounds cell membrane
Coating of sugar molecules that surrounds cell membrane
Glycocalyx
Glycoprotein
Protein that has one or more carbohydrates attached
Protein that has one or more carbohydrates attached
Glycoprotein
Golgi Apparatus
Cellular organelle formed by a series of flattened sacs that functions in protein modification, packaging, transport
Cellular organelle formed by a series of flattened sacs that functions in protein modification, packaging, transport
Golgi Apparatus
Helicase
Enzyme that functions to separate the two DNA strands of a double helix during DNA replication
Enzyme that functions to separate the two DNA strands of a double helix during DNA replication
Helicase