Ch1 Introduction to the Human Body Flashcards
1
Q
Division of the anterior/ventral cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera
A
Abdominopelvic Cavity
2
Q
Another term for Anterior
A
Ventral
3
Q
Another term for Ventral
A
Anterior
4
Q
Assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules
A
Anabolism
5
Q
Standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body
A
Anatomical Position
6
Q
Science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structures
A
Anatomy
7
Q
Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body
A
Anterior
8
Q
Breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules
A
Catabolism
9
Q
Position below or lower towards the coccyx
A
Caudal
10
Q
Smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms
A
Cell
11
Q
Medical imaging technique in which computer enhanced cross sectional X ray image is obtained
A
CT Computed tomography
12
Q
Compares values to their normal range, deviations cause the activation of an effector
A
Control center
13
Q
Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body
A
Cranial
14
Q
Another term for cranial
A
Superior
15
Q
Another word for superior
A
Cranial
16
Q
Division of the posterior cavity that houses the brain
A
Cranial Cavity
17
Q
Describes a position farther from the surface of the body
A
Deep
18
Q
Changes an organism goes through during its life
A
Development
19
Q
Process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function
A
Differentiation
20
Q
Describes a position farther from the point of attachment - the trunk of the body
A
Distal
21
Q
Describes the back or direction towards the back of the body
A
Dorsal
22
Q
Another term for dorsal
A
posterior
23
Q
Another word for posterior
A
Dorsal
24
Q
Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord
A
Dorsal cavity
25
Organ that can cause a chance in value
Effector
26
2D vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
Frontal Plane
27
Study of larger structures of the body
Gross anatomy
28
Steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain
Homeostasis
29
Process of increasing in size
Growth
30
Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body
Inferior/Caudal
31
Describes the side or direction toward the side
Lateral
32
Medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
33
Describes the middle or direction toward the middle
Medial
34
Sum of all of the body's chemical reactions
Metabolism
35
Study of a very small structures of the body using magnification
Microscopic anatomy
36
Homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body's physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed
Negative feedback
37
Range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center
Normal range
38
Chemical obtained from foods and bees that is critical to human survival
Nutrient
39
Functionally distant structure composed of 2 or more types of tissues
Organ
40
Group of organs that work together to carry out a function
Organ system
41
Living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic fxns of life
Organism
42
Sac that encloses the heart
Pericardium
43
Serous membrane that lines the abdomiopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there
Peritoneum
44
Science that studies the chemistry, biochem, and physics of the body
Physiology
45
Imaginary 2D surface that passes through the body
Plane
46
Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs
Pleura
47
Mechanism that intensifies a change in the body's physiological condition in response to a stimulus
Positive feedback
48
Medical imaging where radiopharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiologic fans in tissues
PET Positron emission tomography
49
Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body
Posterior
50
Body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord
Posterior/Dorsal
51
Force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance
Pressure
52
Face down
Prone
53
Describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body
Proximal
54
Study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions
Regional anatomy
55
Process by which worn-out cells are replaced
renewal
56
Processs where new organisms are generated
Reproduction
57
Ability of an organism or a system to adjust to changes in conditions
Responsiveness
58
2D vertical plane that divides the body or organ into Right and Left sides
Sagittal Plane
59
Single flat surface of a 3D structure that has been cut through
Section
60
Reports a monitored physiological value to the control center
Sensor
61
Another word for sensor
receptor
62
Another word for receptor
Sensor
63
Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction
Serosa/Serous Membrane
64
Ideal value for a physiological parameter, stable, healthful
Set Point
65
Where is the spinal cord housed?
Spinal cavity or vertebral cavity
66
Another term for spinal cavity
vertebral cavity
67
Describes a position nearer to the surface of the body
Superficial
68
Describes a position above or higher
Superior
69
Another term for superior
Cranial
70
Face up
Supine
71
Study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems
Systemic Anatomy
72
Division of the anterior cavity that houses the heart/lungs/esophagus, trachea
Thoracic Cavity
73
Group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a function
Tissue
74
2D plane horizontal that divides the body/organ into superior/inferior portions
Transverse plane
75
Application of ultrasonic waves to visualize subcutaneous body structure such as tendons and organs
Ultrasonography
76
Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body
Ventral
77
Another word for ventral
Anterior
78
Another word for Anterior
Ventral
79
Cavity that includes cavities for lungs, heart, pelvic, abdominal organs
Ventral Cavity
80
Form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelength (solids and gases) Visualize bones and body structures
Xray
81
Study of Tissues
Histology
82
Organ System: Hair skin nails
Integumentary System
83
Organ System: Cartilage, bones, joints
Skeletal System
84
Organ System: Skeletal Muscles, Tendons
Muscular System
85
Organ System: Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nerves
Nervous System
86
Organ System: Pituitary Gland, Thyroid gland, Pancreas, Adrenal Glands, Testes
Endocrine System
87
Organ System: Heart, Blood vessels
Cardiovascular System
88
Organ System: Thymus, Lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic System
89
Organ System: Nasal passages, trachea, lungs
Respiratory System
90
Organ System: Stomach, Liver, Gall bladder, Large intestine, Small intestine
Digestive System
91
Organ System: Kidneys, Urinary Bladder
Urinary System
92
Organ System: Epididymis, Testes
Male Reproductive System
93
Organ System: Mammary glands, ovaries, uterus
Female Reproductive System
94
Organ System: produces sex hormones and gametes
Female Reproductive system
95
Organ System: Supports embryo / fetus until birth
Female reproductive system
96
Organ System: produces milk for infant
Female reproductive system
97
Organ System: produces sex hormones and gamets, delivers gametes to female
Male reproductive system
98
Organ System: controls water balance in body
urinary
99
Organ System: removes waste from blood and excretes them
urinary
100
Organ System: processes food for use by body
digestive
101
Organ System: removes waste from undigested food
digestive
102
Organ System: removes CO2 from the body
respiratory
103
Organ System: delivers O2 to blood
respiratory
104
Organ System: returns fluid to blood
lymphatic
105
Organ System: defends against pathogens
lymphatic
106
Organ System: delivers O2 and nutrients to tissues
cardiovascular
107
Organ System: equalizes temp in body
cardiovascular
108
Organ System: secretes hormones
endocrine system
109
Organ System: regulates body processes
endocrine system
110
Organ System: detects and processes sensory info
nervous system
111
Organ System: activates body responses
nervous system
112
Organ System: enables movement
muscular and skeletal
113
Organ System: helps maintain body temperature
muscular and cardiovascular
114
Organ System: supports the body
skeletal system
115
Organ System: encloses internal body structures
integumentary
116
Organ System: site of many sensory receptors
integumentary
117
Front View
Anterior
118
Back View
Posterior
119
Forehead
Frons
120
Eye
Oculus
121
Orbital
Eye
122
Skull
Cranium
123
CHeek
Bucca
124
Face
Facies
125
Ear
Auris
126
Nose
Nasus
127
Neck
Cervicis
128
Mouth
Oris
129
Chin
Mentis
130
Chest
Thorcis
131
Armpit
Axilla
132
Breast
Mamma
133
Arm
Brachium
134
Front of elbow
Antecubitis
135
Navel
Umbilicus
136
Forearm
Antebrachium
137
Wrist
Carpus
138
Hip
Coxal
139
5 Areas that make up Trunk
Chest, Breast, Abdomen, Navel, Hip
140
Thumb
Pollex
141
Groin
Inguen
142
Fingers
Phalanges, Digits
143
Thigh
Femur
144
Leg
Crus
145
Kneecap
Patella
146
Ankle
Tarsus
147
Great Toe (Middle)
Hallux
148
Foot
Pedal
149
Toes
Phalanges, Digits
150
Sole of Foot
Planta
151
Heel of Foot
Calcaneus
152
Calf
Sura
153
Back of Knee
Popliteus
154
Thigh
Femur
155
Butt
Gluetus
156
Hand
Manus
157
Forearm
Antebrachium
158
Tramp Stamp
Sacrum
159
Lower Back
Lumbus
160
Back of Elbow
Olecranon
161
Arm
Brachium
162
Back
Dorsum
163
Neck
Cervicis
164
SHoulder
Acromial
165
Head
Cephalon
166
Body face down
Prone
167
Body face up
Supine
168
How many organ systems are there?
11
169
What does the erector organ do?
Small muscle on hair folecules that moves hair
170
What is a gland?
Collection of cells that come together to secrete something
171
What is an organ?
Collection of different cells that come together to perform a function
172
What does the Messentary do?
Platform for vessels and nerves to move through the region
173
Where is the Messentary organ?
Small Intestine
174
Homeostasis: _____ to Sensor, Control, Effector
Stimulus
175
Homeostasis: Stimulus to ________ to Control, Effector
Sensor
176
Homeostasis: Stimulus, Sensor, _______, Effector
Control
177
Homeostasis: Stimulus, Sensor, Control, ________
Effector
178
Body temp above 37 is an example of
Stimulus
179
Nerve cells in skin and brain are examples of ______ in homeostasis
Sensors
180
Temp regulatory center in brain is an example of ____ in homeostasis
Control
181
Sweat glands throughout the body are ______ in homeostasis
Effector
182
What are serous membrane composed of?
Connective tissue and epithelial tissue/cells
183
What 3 areas do you find serous membranes?
Heart, Lungs, Guts
184
Serous membrane for the guts
Peritonium
185
Jugular Notch is also called
Sternal Notch
186
Sternal Notch is also called
Jugular Notch
187
Foramen Ovale - 2 places this is present
Heart and Sphenoid Bone (behind eyes)
188
What does Foramen mean
Opening
189
Another term for Opening
Foramen
190
Volar Region
Hand and forearm on anterior side
191
Hand and forearm on anterior side
Volar Region
192
Ipselateral
Same side
193
Contralateral
Opposite side
194
Opposite Side
Contralateral
195
Same Side
Ipselateral
196
Element 65% of body
O
197
2nd most prevalent element (19%)
C
198
3rd most prevalent (10%)
H
199
Adrenal Gland OS
Endocrine
200
Aorta OS
Cardiovascular
201
Bronchi OS
Resp
202
Aorta OS
Cardio
203
Diaphram OS
Resp
204
Gall Bladder OS
Digest
205
Heart OS
Cardio
206
Jugular Vein OS
Cardio
207
Kidney OS
Urinary
208
Large Intestine OS
Digestive
209
Lung OS
Resp
210
Pancreas OS
Digestive and Endocrine
211
Colon OS
Digestive
212
Small Intestine OS
Digestive
213
Spleen OS
Lymphatic
214
Stomach OS
Digestive
215
Thyroid Gland OS
Endocrine
216
Trachea OS
Respiratory
217
Larynx OS
Respiratory
218
Ureters OS
Reproductive
219
Inferior Vena Cava OS
Cardiovascular
220
Urinary Bladder OS
Urinary
