Ch1 Introduction to the Human Body Flashcards
Division of the anterior/ventral cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Another term for Anterior
Ventral
Another term for Ventral
Anterior
Assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules
Anabolism
Standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body
Anatomical Position
Science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structures
Anatomy
Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body
Anterior
Breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules
Catabolism
Position below or lower towards the coccyx
Caudal
Smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms
Cell
Medical imaging technique in which computer enhanced cross sectional X ray image is obtained
CT Computed tomography
Compares values to their normal range, deviations cause the activation of an effector
Control center
Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body
Cranial
Another term for cranial
Superior
Another word for superior
Cranial
Division of the posterior cavity that houses the brain
Cranial Cavity
Describes a position farther from the surface of the body
Deep
Changes an organism goes through during its life
Development
Process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function
Differentiation
Describes a position farther from the point of attachment - the trunk of the body
Distal
Describes the back or direction towards the back of the body
Dorsal
Another term for dorsal
posterior
Another word for posterior
Dorsal
Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord
Dorsal cavity
Organ that can cause a chance in value
Effector
2D vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
Frontal Plane
Study of larger structures of the body
Gross anatomy
Steady state of body systems that living organisms maintain
Homeostasis
Process of increasing in size
Growth
Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body
Inferior/Caudal
Describes the side or direction toward the side
Lateral
Medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
Describes the middle or direction toward the middle
Medial
Sum of all of the body’s chemical reactions
Metabolism
Study of a very small structures of the body using magnification
Microscopic anatomy
Homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the body’s physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed
Negative feedback
Range of values around the set point that do not cause a reaction by the control center
Normal range
Chemical obtained from foods and bees that is critical to human survival
Nutrient
Functionally distant structure composed of 2 or more types of tissues
Organ
Group of organs that work together to carry out a function
Organ system
Living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic fxns of life
Organism
Sac that encloses the heart
Pericardium
Serous membrane that lines the abdomiopelvic cavity and covers the organs found there
Peritoneum
Science that studies the chemistry, biochem, and physics of the body
Physiology
Imaginary 2D surface that passes through the body
Plane
Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs
Pleura
Mechanism that intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition in response to a stimulus
Positive feedback
Medical imaging where radiopharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiologic fans in tissues
PET Positron emission tomography
Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body
Posterior
Body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord
Posterior/Dorsal
Force exerted by a substance in contact with another substance
Pressure
Face down
Prone
Describes a position nearer to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body
Proximal
Study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions
Regional anatomy
Process by which worn-out cells are replaced
renewal
Processs where new organisms are generated
Reproduction
Ability of an organism or a system to adjust to changes in conditions
Responsiveness
2D vertical plane that divides the body or organ into Right and Left sides
Sagittal Plane
Single flat surface of a 3D structure that has been cut through
Section
Reports a monitored physiological value to the control center
Sensor
Another word for sensor
receptor
Another word for receptor
Sensor
Membrane that covers organs and reduces friction
Serosa/Serous Membrane
Ideal value for a physiological parameter, stable, healthful
Set Point
Where is the spinal cord housed?
Spinal cavity or vertebral cavity
Another term for spinal cavity
vertebral cavity
Describes a position nearer to the surface of the body
Superficial
Describes a position above or higher
Superior
Another term for superior
Cranial
Face up
Supine
Study of the structures that contribute to specific body systems
Systemic Anatomy
Division of the anterior cavity that houses the heart/lungs/esophagus, trachea
Thoracic Cavity
Group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a function
Tissue
2D plane horizontal that divides the body/organ into superior/inferior portions
Transverse plane
Application of ultrasonic waves to visualize subcutaneous body structure such as tendons and organs
Ultrasonography
Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body
Ventral
Another word for ventral
Anterior
Another word for Anterior
Ventral
Cavity that includes cavities for lungs, heart, pelvic, abdominal organs
Ventral Cavity
Form of high energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelength (solids and gases) Visualize bones and body structures
Xray
Study of Tissues
Histology
Organ System: Hair skin nails
Integumentary System
Organ System: Cartilage, bones, joints
Skeletal System
Organ System: Skeletal Muscles, Tendons
Muscular System
Organ System: Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral Nerves
Nervous System
Organ System: Pituitary Gland, Thyroid gland, Pancreas, Adrenal Glands, Testes
Endocrine System
Organ System: Heart, Blood vessels
Cardiovascular System
Organ System: Thymus, Lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic System
Organ System: Nasal passages, trachea, lungs
Respiratory System
Organ System: Stomach, Liver, Gall bladder, Large intestine, Small intestine
Digestive System
Organ System: Kidneys, Urinary Bladder
Urinary System
Organ System: Epididymis, Testes
Male Reproductive System
Organ System: Mammary glands, ovaries, uterus
Female Reproductive System
Organ System: produces sex hormones and gametes
Female Reproductive system
Organ System: Supports embryo / fetus until birth
Female reproductive system
Organ System: produces milk for infant
Female reproductive system
Organ System: produces sex hormones and gamets, delivers gametes to female
Male reproductive system
Organ System: controls water balance in body
urinary
Organ System: removes waste from blood and excretes them
urinary
Organ System: processes food for use by body
digestive
Organ System: removes waste from undigested food
digestive
Organ System: removes CO2 from the body
respiratory
Organ System: delivers O2 to blood
respiratory
Organ System: returns fluid to blood
lymphatic
Organ System: defends against pathogens
lymphatic
Organ System: delivers O2 and nutrients to tissues
cardiovascular
Organ System: equalizes temp in body
cardiovascular
Organ System: secretes hormones
endocrine system
Organ System: regulates body processes
endocrine system
Organ System: detects and processes sensory info
nervous system
Organ System: activates body responses
nervous system
Organ System: enables movement
muscular and skeletal
Organ System: helps maintain body temperature
muscular and cardiovascular
Organ System: supports the body
skeletal system
Organ System: encloses internal body structures
integumentary
Organ System: site of many sensory receptors
integumentary
Front View
Anterior
Back View
Posterior
Forehead
Frons
Eye
Oculus
Orbital
Eye
Skull
Cranium
CHeek
Bucca
Face
Facies
Ear
Auris
Nose
Nasus
Neck
Cervicis
Mouth
Oris
Chin
Mentis
Chest
Thorcis
Armpit
Axilla
Breast
Mamma
Arm
Brachium
Front of elbow
Antecubitis
Navel
Umbilicus
Forearm
Antebrachium
Wrist
Carpus
Hip
Coxal
5 Areas that make up Trunk
Chest, Breast, Abdomen, Navel, Hip
Thumb
Pollex
Groin
Inguen
Fingers
Phalanges, Digits
Thigh
Femur
Leg
Crus
Kneecap
Patella
Ankle
Tarsus
Great Toe (Middle)
Hallux
Foot
Pedal
Toes
Phalanges, Digits
Sole of Foot
Planta
Heel of Foot
Calcaneus
Calf
Sura
Back of Knee
Popliteus
Thigh
Femur
Butt
Gluetus
Hand
Manus
Forearm
Antebrachium
Tramp Stamp
Sacrum
Lower Back
Lumbus
Back of Elbow
Olecranon
Arm
Brachium
Back
Dorsum
Neck
Cervicis
SHoulder
Acromial
Head
Cephalon
Body face down
Prone
Body face up
Supine
How many organ systems are there?
11
What does the erector organ do?
Small muscle on hair folecules that moves hair
What is a gland?
Collection of cells that come together to secrete something
What is an organ?
Collection of different cells that come together to perform a function
What does the Messentary do?
Platform for vessels and nerves to move through the region
Where is the Messentary organ?
Small Intestine
Homeostasis: _____ to Sensor, Control, Effector
Stimulus
Homeostasis: Stimulus to ________ to Control, Effector
Sensor
Homeostasis: Stimulus, Sensor, _______, Effector
Control
Homeostasis: Stimulus, Sensor, Control, ________
Effector
Body temp above 37 is an example of
Stimulus
Nerve cells in skin and brain are examples of ______ in homeostasis
Sensors
Temp regulatory center in brain is an example of ____ in homeostasis
Control
Sweat glands throughout the body are ______ in homeostasis
Effector
What are serous membrane composed of?
Connective tissue and epithelial tissue/cells
What 3 areas do you find serous membranes?
Heart, Lungs, Guts
Serous membrane for the guts
Peritonium
Jugular Notch is also called
Sternal Notch
Sternal Notch is also called
Jugular Notch
Foramen Ovale - 2 places this is present
Heart and Sphenoid Bone (behind eyes)
What does Foramen mean
Opening
Another term for Opening
Foramen
Volar Region
Hand and forearm on anterior side
Hand and forearm on anterior side
Volar Region
Ipselateral
Same side
Contralateral
Opposite side
Opposite Side
Contralateral
Same Side
Ipselateral
Element 65% of body
O
2nd most prevalent element (19%)
C
3rd most prevalent (10%)
H
Adrenal Gland OS
Endocrine
Aorta OS
Cardiovascular
Bronchi OS
Resp
Aorta OS
Cardio
Diaphram OS
Resp
Gall Bladder OS
Digest
Heart OS
Cardio
Jugular Vein OS
Cardio
Kidney OS
Urinary
Large Intestine OS
Digestive
Lung OS
Resp
Pancreas OS
Digestive and Endocrine
Colon OS
Digestive
Small Intestine OS
Digestive
Spleen OS
Lymphatic
Stomach OS
Digestive
Thyroid Gland OS
Endocrine
Trachea OS
Respiratory
Larynx OS
Respiratory
Ureters OS
Reproductive
Inferior Vena Cava OS
Cardiovascular
Urinary Bladder OS
Urinary
