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Anatomy Openstax > Ch 4 Tissue Level of Organization > Flashcards

Ch 4 Tissue Level of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

Lipid storage cells

A

Adipocytes

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2
Q

Adipocytes

A

Lipid storage cells

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3
Q

Adipose Tissue

A

Specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat

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4
Q

Specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat

A

Adipose Tissue

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5
Q

Anchoring Junction

A

Mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane

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6
Q

Mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane

A

Anchoring junction

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7
Q

Apical

A

That part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space

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8
Q

That part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space

A

Apical

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9
Q

Release of a substance along with the apical portion of the cell

A

Apocrine secretion

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10
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

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11
Q

Programmed cell death

A

Apoptosis

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12
Q

Areolar Tissue another name

A

Loose connective Tissue

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13
Q

Loose connective tissue - another name

A

Areolar Tissue

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14
Q

Astrocyte

A

Star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake, breakdown of some neurotransmitters, contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier

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15
Q

Star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake, breakdown of some neurotransmitters, contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier

A

Astrocyte

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16
Q

Atrophy

A

Loss of mass and function

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17
Q

Loss of mass and function

A

Atrophy

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18
Q

Basal Lamina

A

Thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates from other tissues

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19
Q

Thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates from other tissues

A

Basal lamina

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20
Q

Basement membrane

A

Made up of Basel lamina and reticular lamina. Thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue

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21
Q

Made up of Basel lamina and reticular lamina. Thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue

A

Basement Membrane

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22
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Heart muscle that contracts autonomously

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23
Q

Heart muscle that contracts autonomously

A

Cardiac muscle

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24
Q

Cell Junction

A

cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another

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25
Q

cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another

A

Cell Junction

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26
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cells in cartilidge

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27
Q

Cells in cartilidge

A

Chondrocytes

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28
Q

Clotting

A

Also called coagulation, complex processes by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding

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29
Q

Also called coagulation, complex processes by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding

A

Clotting

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30
Q

Clotting aka

A

Coagulation

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31
Q

Coagulation aka

A

Clotting

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32
Q

Collagen Fiber

A

Flexible proteins that give connective tissue strength

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33
Q

Flexible proteins that give connective tissue strength

A

Collagen Fiber

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34
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Tissue to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body’s organs and systems

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35
Q

Tissue to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body’s organs and systems

A

Connective Tissue

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36
Q

Connective Tissue Membrane

A

Tissue that covers organs and lines movable joints

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37
Q

Tissue that covers organs and lines movable joints

A

Connective Tissue Membrane

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38
Q

Connective Tissue Proper

A

Tissue containing a viscous matrix, fibers, and cells

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39
Q

Tissue containing a viscous matrix, fibers, and cells

A

Connective Tissue Proper

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40
Q

Cutaneous Membrane

A

Skin, tissue made of stratified squamous epithelial cells

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41
Q

Skin, tissue made of stratified squamous epithelial cells

A

Cutaneous Membrane

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42
Q

Dense Connective Tissue

A

Tissue Proper that contains fibers, provides elasticity and protection

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43
Q

Tissue Proper that contains fibers, provides elasticity and protection

A

Dense Connective Tissue

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44
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and nervous tissue derive

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45
Q

Outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and nervous tissue derive

A

Ectoderm

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46
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Elastin as main protein, rigid support + elasticity

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47
Q

Elastin as main protein, rigid support + elasticity

A

Elastic Cartilage

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48
Q

Elastic Fiber

A

Protein with connective tissue, allows fibers to stretch and return to size

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49
Q

Protein with connective tissue, allows fibers to stretch and return to size

A

Elastic Fiber

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50
Q

Endocrine Gland

A

Group of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood

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51
Q

Group of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood

A

Endocrine Gland

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52
Q

Endoderm

A

Innermost embryonic germ layer from which the digestive and lower respiratory systems derive

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53
Q

Innermost embryonic germ layer from which the digestive and lower respiratory systems derive

A

Endoderm

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54
Q

Endothelium

A

Tissue that lines vessels of lymph and cardio systems, made of simple squamous epithelium

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55
Q

Tissue that lines vessels of lymph and cardio systems, made of simple squamous epithelium

A

Endothelium

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56
Q

Epithelial Membrane

A

Epithelium attached to connective tissue

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57
Q

Epithelium attached to connective tissue

A

Epithelial Membrane

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58
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Tissue that serves as covering of body parts, protects, functions in absorption, transport, secretion

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59
Q

Tissue that serves as covering of body parts, protects, functions in absorption, transport, secretion

A

Epithelial Tissue

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60
Q

Exocrine Gland

A

Group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to skin or internal body surfaces to exerior

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61
Q

Group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to skin or internal body surfaces to exerior

A

Exocrine Gland

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62
Q

Fibroblast

A

Most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into extracellular space

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63
Q

Most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into extracellular space

A

Fibroblast

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64
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Tough cartilage made of thick bundles of collagen embedded in chondroitin substance

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65
Q

Tough cartilage made of thick bundles of collagen embedded in chondroitin substance

A

Fibrocartilage

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66
Q

Fibrocyte

A

Less active form of fibroblast

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67
Q

Less active form of fibroblast

A

Fibrocyte

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68
Q

Fluid connective tissue

A

Specialized cells that circulate in fluid w/salt, nutrients, proteins

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69
Q

Specialized cells that circulate in fluid w/salt, nutrients, proteins

A

Fluid connective tissue

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70
Q

Gap Junction

A

Allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells

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71
Q

Allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells

A

Gap Junction

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72
Q

Goblet Cell

A

Unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous

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73
Q

Unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous

A

Goblet Cell

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74
Q

Ground Substance

A

Fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix

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75
Q

Fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix

A

Ground Substance

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76
Q

Histamine

A

Chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability

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77
Q

Chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability

A

Histamine

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78
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissue function

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79
Q

Study of tissue function

A

Histology

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80
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

Release of substance caused by rupture of a gland

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81
Q

Release of substance caused by rupture of a gland

A

Holocrine secretion

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82
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Common type of cartilage, smooth and made of collagen fibers in chondroitin substance

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83
Q

Common type of cartilage, smooth and made of collagen fibers in chondroitin substance

A

Hyaline Cartilage

84
Q

Inflammation

A

Response of tissue to injury

85
Q

Response of tissue to injury

A

Inflammation

86
Q

Iacuna

A

Small space in bone or cartilage that cells occupy

87
Q

Small space in bone or cartilage that cells occupy

88
Q

Lamina Propria

A

Areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane

89
Q

Areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane

A

Lamina Propria

90
Q

Loose connective tissue

A

Tissue that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in matrix

91
Q

Tissue that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in matrix

A

Loose connective tissue

92
Q

Matrix

A

Extracellular material produced by cells embedded in it, creates ground substance in fibers

93
Q

Extracellular material produced by cells embedded in it, creates ground substance in fibers

94
Q

Merocrine Secretion

A

Release of substance from gland via exocytosis

95
Q

Release of substance from gland via exocytosis

A

Merocrine Secretion

96
Q

Mesenchymal Cell

A

Stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived

97
Q

Stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived

A

Mesenchymal Cell

98
Q

Mesenchyme

A

Embryonic tissue from which connective tissue is derived

99
Q

Embryonic tissue from which connective tissue is derived

A

Mesenchyme

100
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive

101
Q

Middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive

102
Q

Mesothelium

A

Simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes

103
Q

Simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes

A

Mesothelium

104
Q

Mucous Connective Tissue

A

Specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord

105
Q

Specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord

A

Mucous Connective Tissue

106
Q

Mucous Gland

A

Group of cells that secrete mucous, a think, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as lubricant

107
Q

Group of cells that secrete mucous, a think, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as lubricant

A

Mucous Gland

108
Q

Mucous Membrane

A

Tissue membrane, covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to outside

109
Q

Tissue membrane, covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to outside

A

Mucous Membrane

110
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Tissue that contracts, generates tension in response to stimulation, produces movement

111
Q

Tissue that contracts, generates tension in response to stimulation, produces movement

A

Muscle tissue

112
Q

Myelin

A

Lipid layer in some neurological cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons

113
Q

Lipid layer in some neurological cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons

114
Q

Myocyte

A

Muscle cells

115
Q

Muscle cells

116
Q

Necrosis

A

Accidental death of cells and tissues

117
Q

Accidental death of cells and tissues

118
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Tissue capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals

119
Q

Tissue capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals

A

Nervous tissue

120
Q

Neuroglia

A

Supportive neural cells

121
Q

Supportive neural cells

122
Q

Neuron

A

Excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses

123
Q

Excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses

124
Q

Oligodendrocyte

A

Neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain

125
Q

Neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain

A

Oligodendrocyte

126
Q

Parenchyma

A

Cells of gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ

127
Q

Cells of gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ

A

Parenchyma

128
Q

Primary Union

A

Condition of a wound where the wound edges are close enough to be brought together and fastened if necessary

129
Q

Condition of a wound where the wound edges are close enough to be brought together and fastened if necessary

A

Primary Union

130
Q

Pseudostratified columnar Epithelium

A

Tissue w/ single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells, look like multiple layers, found in glands and respiratory

131
Q

Tissue w/ single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells, look like multiple layers, found in glands and respiratory

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

132
Q

Reticular fiber

A

Fine fibrous protein, collagen, cross link to make supporting nets within connective tissue

133
Q

Fine fibrous protein, collagen, cross link to make supporting nets within connective tissue

A

Reticular fiber

134
Q

Reticular Lamina

A

Matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue, component of basement membrane

135
Q

Matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue, component of basement membrane

A

Reticular Lamina

136
Q

Reticular Tissue

A

Loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymph, spleen, tissue, liver

137
Q

Loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymph, spleen, tissue, liver

A

Reticular Tissue

138
Q

Schwann Cell

A

Neurological cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system

139
Q

Neurological cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system

A

Schwann Cell

140
Q

Secondary Union

A

Wound healing facilitated by wound contraction

141
Q

Wound healing facilitated by wound contraction

A

Secondary Union

142
Q

Serous gland

A

Group of cells within the serous membrane that secretes lubricating substance onto the surface

143
Q

Group of cells within the serous membrane that secretes lubricating substance onto the surface

A

Serous gland

144
Q

Serous Membrane

A

Type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid

145
Q

Type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid

A

Serous Membrane

146
Q

Simple columnar Epithelium

A

Tissue w/single layer of column cells, promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs

147
Q

Tissue w/single layer of column cells, promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs

A

simple columnar epithelium

148
Q

Simple cuboidal epithlium

A

Tissue w/single layer of cube cells, promotes secretion, absorption in ducts and tubules

149
Q

Tissue w/single layer of cube cells, promotes secretion, absorption in ducts and tubules

A

Simple cuboidal epithelium

150
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Tissue w/single flat scale like cells. Promotes diffusion and filtration across surface

151
Q

Tissue w/single flat scale like cells. Promotes diffusion and filtration across surface

A

Simple squamous epithelium

152
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleate and striated

153
Q

usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleate and striated

A

Skeletal muscle

154
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Under involuntary control, moves internal organs. Cells have one nucleus, spindle shaped, do not appear striated. Each cell is a fiber

155
Q

Under involuntary control, moves internal organs. Cells have one nucleus, spindle shaped, do not appear striated. Each cell is a fiber

A

Smooth muscle

156
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A

Tissue w/ 2+ layers of column like cells, contains glands and found in ducts

157
Q

Tissue w/ 2+ layers of column like cells, contains glands and found in ducts

A

Stratified columnar epithelium

158
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Tissue w/2+ layers of cube shaped materials, some found in ducts

159
Q

Tissue w/2+ layers of cube shaped materials, some found in ducts

A

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

160
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Tissue w/multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale like cells, protects surfaces from abrasion

161
Q

Tissue w/multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale like cells, protects surfaces from abrasion

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

162
Q

Striation

A

Alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern

163
Q

Alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern

164
Q

Supportive connective tissue

A

Tissue that provides strength to body and protects soft tissue

165
Q

Tissue that provides strength to body and protects soft tissue

A

Supportive connective tissue

166
Q

Synovial Membrane

A

Tissue membrane that lines cavities of freely movable joints, produces synovial fluid for lubrication

167
Q

Tissue membrane that lines cavities of freely movable joints, produces synovial fluid for lubrication

A

Synovial membrane

168
Q

Tight junction

A

Forms an impermeable barrier between cells

169
Q

Forms an impermeable barrier between cells

A

Tight juntion

170
Q

Tissue

A

Group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions

171
Q

Group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions

172
Q

Tissue membrane

A

Thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities

173
Q

Thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities

A

Tissue membrane

174
Q

Totipotent

A

Embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in body

175
Q

Embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in body

A

Totipotent

176
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Form of stratified epithelium in urinary tract, w/apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine

177
Q

Form of stratified epithelium in urinary tract, w/apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine

A

transitional epithelium

178
Q

Vasodilation

A

Widening of blood vessels

179
Q

Widening of blood vessels

A

Vasodilation

180
Q

Wound contraction

A

Process where borders of wound are physically drawn together

181
Q

Process where borders of wound are physically drawn together

A

Wound contraction

182
Q

Tissue Type for Brain

183
Q

Tissue Type for Spinal Cord

184
Q

Tissue Type for Nerves

185
Q

Nervous Tissue Type - 3 Examples

A

Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves

186
Q

Tissue type for Lining of GI Tract

A

Epithelial

187
Q

Tissue type for skin surface

A

Epithelial

188
Q

Tissue type for Cardiac

189
Q

Tissue type for smooth

190
Q

Tissue type for skeletal

191
Q

3 Types of Muscle tissue

A

Cardiac, Smooth, Skeletal

192
Q

Tissue type for Fat

A

Connective

193
Q

Tissue type for Bone

A

Connective

194
Q

Tissue Type for Tendon

A

Connective

195
Q

3 Examples of Connective Tissue

A

Fat, Bone, Tendon

196
Q

Germ Layer for Skin cells

197
Q

Germ layer for nervous

198
Q

Germ layer for Pigment

199
Q

Germ layer for cardiac

200
Q

Germ layer for skeletal

201
Q

Germ layer for red blood cells

202
Q

Germ layer for smooth muscle

203
Q

germ layer for lung cells

204
Q

germ layer for thyroid cells

205
Q

germ layer for pancreatic cells

Anatomy Openstax (3 decks)

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