Ch 4 Tissue Level of Organization Flashcards
1
Q
Lipid storage cells
A
Adipocytes
2
Q
Adipocytes
A
Lipid storage cells
3
Q
Adipose Tissue
A
Specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat
4
Q
Specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat
A
Adipose Tissue
5
Q
Anchoring Junction
A
Mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane
6
Q
Mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane
A
Anchoring junction
7
Q
Apical
A
That part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space
8
Q
That part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space
A
Apical
9
Q
Release of a substance along with the apical portion of the cell
A
Apocrine secretion
10
Q
Apoptosis
A
Programmed cell death
11
Q
Programmed cell death
A
Apoptosis
12
Q
Areolar Tissue another name
A
Loose connective Tissue
13
Q
Loose connective tissue - another name
A
Areolar Tissue
14
Q
Astrocyte
A
Star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake, breakdown of some neurotransmitters, contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier
15
Q
Star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake, breakdown of some neurotransmitters, contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier
A
Astrocyte
16
Q
Atrophy
A
Loss of mass and function
17
Q
Loss of mass and function
A
Atrophy
18
Q
Basal Lamina
A
Thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates from other tissues
19
Q
Thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates from other tissues
A
Basal lamina
20
Q
Basement membrane
A
Made up of Basel lamina and reticular lamina. Thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue
21
Q
Made up of Basel lamina and reticular lamina. Thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to underlying connective tissue
A
Basement Membrane
22
Q
Cardiac Muscle
A
Heart muscle that contracts autonomously
23
Q
Heart muscle that contracts autonomously
A
Cardiac muscle
24
Q
Cell Junction
A
cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another
25
cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another
Cell Junction
26
Chondrocytes
Cells in cartilidge
27
Cells in cartilidge
Chondrocytes
28
Clotting
Also called coagulation, complex processes by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding
29
Also called coagulation, complex processes by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding
Clotting
30
Clotting aka
Coagulation
31
Coagulation aka
Clotting
32
Collagen Fiber
Flexible proteins that give connective tissue strength
33
Flexible proteins that give connective tissue strength
Collagen Fiber
34
Connective Tissue
Tissue to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body's organs and systems
35
Tissue to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body's organs and systems
Connective Tissue
36
Connective Tissue Membrane
Tissue that covers organs and lines movable joints
37
Tissue that covers organs and lines movable joints
Connective Tissue Membrane
38
Connective Tissue Proper
Tissue containing a viscous matrix, fibers, and cells
39
Tissue containing a viscous matrix, fibers, and cells
Connective Tissue Proper
40
Cutaneous Membrane
Skin, tissue made of stratified squamous epithelial cells
41
Skin, tissue made of stratified squamous epithelial cells
Cutaneous Membrane
42
Dense Connective Tissue
Tissue Proper that contains fibers, provides elasticity and protection
43
Tissue Proper that contains fibers, provides elasticity and protection
Dense Connective Tissue
44
Ectoderm
Outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and nervous tissue derive
45
Outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and nervous tissue derive
Ectoderm
46
Elastic Cartilage
Elastin as main protein, rigid support + elasticity
47
Elastin as main protein, rigid support + elasticity
Elastic Cartilage
48
Elastic Fiber
Protein with connective tissue, allows fibers to stretch and return to size
49
Protein with connective tissue, allows fibers to stretch and return to size
Elastic Fiber
50
Endocrine Gland
Group of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood
51
Group of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood
Endocrine Gland
52
Endoderm
Innermost embryonic germ layer from which the digestive and lower respiratory systems derive
53
Innermost embryonic germ layer from which the digestive and lower respiratory systems derive
Endoderm
54
Endothelium
Tissue that lines vessels of lymph and cardio systems, made of simple squamous epithelium
55
Tissue that lines vessels of lymph and cardio systems, made of simple squamous epithelium
Endothelium
56
Epithelial Membrane
Epithelium attached to connective tissue
57
Epithelium attached to connective tissue
Epithelial Membrane
58
Epithelial Tissue
Tissue that serves as covering of body parts, protects, functions in absorption, transport, secretion
59
Tissue that serves as covering of body parts, protects, functions in absorption, transport, secretion
Epithelial Tissue
60
Exocrine Gland
Group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to skin or internal body surfaces to exerior
61
Group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to skin or internal body surfaces to exerior
Exocrine Gland
62
Fibroblast
Most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into extracellular space
63
Most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into extracellular space
Fibroblast
64
Fibrocartilage
Tough cartilage made of thick bundles of collagen embedded in chondroitin substance
65
Tough cartilage made of thick bundles of collagen embedded in chondroitin substance
Fibrocartilage
66
Fibrocyte
Less active form of fibroblast
67
Less active form of fibroblast
Fibrocyte
68
Fluid connective tissue
Specialized cells that circulate in fluid w/salt, nutrients, proteins
69
Specialized cells that circulate in fluid w/salt, nutrients, proteins
Fluid connective tissue
70
Gap Junction
Allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells
71
Allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells
Gap Junction
72
Goblet Cell
Unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous
73
Unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous
Goblet Cell
74
Ground Substance
Fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix
75
Fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix
Ground Substance
76
Histamine
Chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability
77
Chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability
Histamine
78
Histology
Study of tissue function
79
Study of tissue function
Histology
80
Holocrine secretion
Release of substance caused by rupture of a gland
81
Release of substance caused by rupture of a gland
Holocrine secretion
82
Hyaline Cartilage
Common type of cartilage, smooth and made of collagen fibers in chondroitin substance
83
Common type of cartilage, smooth and made of collagen fibers in chondroitin substance
Hyaline Cartilage
84
Inflammation
Response of tissue to injury
85
Response of tissue to injury
Inflammation
86
Iacuna
Small space in bone or cartilage that cells occupy
87
Small space in bone or cartilage that cells occupy
Iacuna
88
Lamina Propria
Areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane
89
Areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane
Lamina Propria
90
Loose connective tissue
Tissue that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in matrix
91
Tissue that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in matrix
Loose connective tissue
92
Matrix
Extracellular material produced by cells embedded in it, creates ground substance in fibers
93
Extracellular material produced by cells embedded in it, creates ground substance in fibers
Matrix
94
Merocrine Secretion
Release of substance from gland via exocytosis
95
Release of substance from gland via exocytosis
Merocrine Secretion
96
Mesenchymal Cell
Stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived
97
Stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived
Mesenchymal Cell
98
Mesenchyme
Embryonic tissue from which connective tissue is derived
99
Embryonic tissue from which connective tissue is derived
Mesenchyme
100
Mesoderm
Middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive
101
Middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive
Mesoderm
102
Mesothelium
Simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes
103
Simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes
Mesothelium
104
Mucous Connective Tissue
Specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord
105
Specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord
Mucous Connective Tissue
106
Mucous Gland
Group of cells that secrete mucous, a think, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as lubricant
107
Group of cells that secrete mucous, a think, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as lubricant
Mucous Gland
108
Mucous Membrane
Tissue membrane, covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to outside
109
Tissue membrane, covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to outside
Mucous Membrane
110
Muscle Tissue
Tissue that contracts, generates tension in response to stimulation, produces movement
111
Tissue that contracts, generates tension in response to stimulation, produces movement
Muscle tissue
112
Myelin
Lipid layer in some neurological cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons
113
Lipid layer in some neurological cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons
Myelin
114
Myocyte
Muscle cells
115
Muscle cells
Myocyte
116
Necrosis
Accidental death of cells and tissues
117
Accidental death of cells and tissues
Necrosis
118
Nervous tissue
Tissue capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals
119
Tissue capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals
Nervous tissue
120
Neuroglia
Supportive neural cells
121
Supportive neural cells
Neuroglia
122
Neuron
Excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses
123
Excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses
Neuron
124
Oligodendrocyte
Neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain
125
Neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain
Oligodendrocyte
126
Parenchyma
Cells of gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ
127
Cells of gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ
Parenchyma
128
Primary Union
Condition of a wound where the wound edges are close enough to be brought together and fastened if necessary
129
Condition of a wound where the wound edges are close enough to be brought together and fastened if necessary
Primary Union
130
Pseudostratified columnar Epithelium
Tissue w/ single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells, look like multiple layers, found in glands and respiratory
131
Tissue w/ single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells, look like multiple layers, found in glands and respiratory
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
132
Reticular fiber
Fine fibrous protein, collagen, cross link to make supporting nets within connective tissue
133
Fine fibrous protein, collagen, cross link to make supporting nets within connective tissue
Reticular fiber
134
Reticular Lamina
Matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue, component of basement membrane
135
Matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue, component of basement membrane
Reticular Lamina
136
Reticular Tissue
Loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymph, spleen, tissue, liver
137
Loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymph, spleen, tissue, liver
Reticular Tissue
138
Schwann Cell
Neurological cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system
139
Neurological cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system
Schwann Cell
140
Secondary Union
Wound healing facilitated by wound contraction
141
Wound healing facilitated by wound contraction
Secondary Union
142
Serous gland
Group of cells within the serous membrane that secretes lubricating substance onto the surface
143
Group of cells within the serous membrane that secretes lubricating substance onto the surface
Serous gland
144
Serous Membrane
Type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid
145
Type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid
Serous Membrane
146
Simple columnar Epithelium
Tissue w/single layer of column cells, promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs
147
Tissue w/single layer of column cells, promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs
simple columnar epithelium
148
Simple cuboidal epithlium
Tissue w/single layer of cube cells, promotes secretion, absorption in ducts and tubules
149
Tissue w/single layer of cube cells, promotes secretion, absorption in ducts and tubules
Simple cuboidal epithelium
150
Simple squamous epithelium
Tissue w/single flat scale like cells. Promotes diffusion and filtration across surface
151
Tissue w/single flat scale like cells. Promotes diffusion and filtration across surface
Simple squamous epithelium
152
Skeletal Muscle
usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleate and striated
153
usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleate and striated
Skeletal muscle
154
Smooth Muscle
Under involuntary control, moves internal organs. Cells have one nucleus, spindle shaped, do not appear striated. Each cell is a fiber
155
Under involuntary control, moves internal organs. Cells have one nucleus, spindle shaped, do not appear striated. Each cell is a fiber
Smooth muscle
156
Stratified columnar epithelium
Tissue w/ 2+ layers of column like cells, contains glands and found in ducts
157
Tissue w/ 2+ layers of column like cells, contains glands and found in ducts
Stratified columnar epithelium
158
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
Tissue w/2+ layers of cube shaped materials, some found in ducts
159
Tissue w/2+ layers of cube shaped materials, some found in ducts
Stratified cuboidal epithelium
160
Stratified squamous epithelium
Tissue w/multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale like cells, protects surfaces from abrasion
161
Tissue w/multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale like cells, protects surfaces from abrasion
Stratified squamous epithelium
162
Striation
Alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern
163
Alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern
Striation
164
Supportive connective tissue
Tissue that provides strength to body and protects soft tissue
165
Tissue that provides strength to body and protects soft tissue
Supportive connective tissue
166
Synovial Membrane
Tissue membrane that lines cavities of freely movable joints, produces synovial fluid for lubrication
167
Tissue membrane that lines cavities of freely movable joints, produces synovial fluid for lubrication
Synovial membrane
168
Tight junction
Forms an impermeable barrier between cells
169
Forms an impermeable barrier between cells
Tight juntion
170
Tissue
Group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions
171
Group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions
Tissue
172
Tissue membrane
Thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities
173
Thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities
Tissue membrane
174
Totipotent
Embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in body
175
Embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in body
Totipotent
176
Transitional epithelium
Form of stratified epithelium in urinary tract, w/apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine
177
Form of stratified epithelium in urinary tract, w/apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine
transitional epithelium
178
Vasodilation
Widening of blood vessels
179
Widening of blood vessels
Vasodilation
180
Wound contraction
Process where borders of wound are physically drawn together
181
Process where borders of wound are physically drawn together
Wound contraction
182
Tissue Type for Brain
Nervous
183
Tissue Type for Spinal Cord
Nervous
184
Tissue Type for Nerves
Nervous
185
Nervous Tissue Type - 3 Examples
Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves
186
Tissue type for Lining of GI Tract
Epithelial
187
Tissue type for skin surface
Epithelial
188
Tissue type for Cardiac
Muscle
189
Tissue type for smooth
Muscle
190
Tissue type for skeletal
Muscle
191
3 Types of Muscle tissue
Cardiac, Smooth, Skeletal
192
Tissue type for Fat
Connective
193
Tissue type for Bone
Connective
194
Tissue Type for Tendon
Connective
195
3 Examples of Connective Tissue
Fat, Bone, Tendon
196
Germ Layer for Skin cells
Ectoderm
197
Germ layer for nervous
Ectoderm
198
Germ layer for Pigment
Ectoderm
199
Germ layer for cardiac
Mesoderm
200
Germ layer for skeletal
Mesoderm
201
Germ layer for red blood cells
Mesoderm
202
Germ layer for smooth muscle
Mesoderm
203
germ layer for lung cells
Endodern
204
germ layer for thyroid cells
Endoderm
205
germ layer for pancreatic cells
endoderm
