ch.3 carbon:the framework of biological moleciules Flashcards
framework of biological molecules
=carbon atoms bonded to other carbon atoms
hydrocarbons
molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen
-nonpolar
C-H core to which specific molecular groups called _____ are attached.
functional groups
-they have definite chemical properties that they retain no matter where they occur
organic molecules having the same molecular or empirical formula can exist in different forms called ______. If there are differences in the actual structure of their carbon skeleton, we call them _______.
isomers, structural isomers
stereoisomers
have the same carbon skeleton but differ in how the groups attached to this skeleton are arranged in space.
enantiomers are ___
a mirror image to stereoisomers. a molecule that has mirror-image version is called a chiral molecule.
Four types of macromolecules
- carbohydrates
- nucleic acids
- proteins
- lipids
macromolecules are ____
polymers
a polymer is ____
a long molecule built by linking together a large number of small similar chemical subunits called monomers
These long chains are built via chemical reactions called _______ reactions and are broken down by _______ reactions.
dehydration, hydrolosis
To form a covalent bond between two monomers, an ____ group is removed from one monomer, and a _____ atom is removed from the other
-OH, Hydrogen
Reaction that is used to link fatty acids to glycerol in lipids. This chemical reaction is called condensation or a ______ reaction because the removal of -OH and -H is the same as the removal of a molecule of water.
dehydration
hydrolysis
cells disassemble polymers into their constituent monomers by reversing the dehydration reaction, a molecule of water is added.
hydrolysis
cells disassemble polymers into their constituent monomers by reversing the dehydration reaction, a molecule of water is added.
