CH3: ATOMIC STRUCTURE

Question 1

What is an atom?

Answer 1

An atom is the smallest particle that can still have chemical characteristics of an element.

Question 2

What are the 3 sub-atomic particles of an atom?

Answer 2

1. Protons
2. Neutrons
3. Electrons

Question 3

The nucleus is formed by the ______+ _______.

Answer 3

Protons + neutrons = nucleus.

Question 4

What is the collective term for the number of protons and neutrons?

Answer 4

nucleon number/mass number

Question 5

The proton number is also known as

Answer 5

Atomic number

Question 6

nucleon/mass number is represented by ‘’
proton/atomic number is represented by ‘’

Answer 6

nucleon/mass number: A
proton/atomic number: Z

Question 7

Mass number is measured in _____

Answer 7

Daltons

Question 8

no. of protons = no. of ______.

Answer 8

no. of protons = no. of electrons

Question 9

What are the relative charges of protons, neutron and electrons?

Answer 9

proton: positive (+1)
neutron: neutral (0)
electron: negative (-1)

Question 10

How are the elements in the periodic table arranged?

Answer 10

In order of increasing proton numbers.

Question 11

What are the relative weights of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Answer 11

proton: 1
neutron: 1
electron: 1/1840

Question 12

What is an ion?

Answer 12

When an atom gains or loses electrons to gain positive or negative charge to form a closed shell electric configuration.

(while the no. of protons and neutrons remains the same)

Question 13

When an atom loses electron, it is (positive/negative)

Answer 13

Positive
(Hey, I lost an electron! Are you pawsitive)

Question 14

When an atom gains electrons, it is (positive/negative)

Answer 14

Negative

Question 15

positively charged ions are known as..

Answer 15

Cations

Question 16

negatively charged ions are known as..

Answer 16

Anions

Question 17

What are isotopes?

Answer 17

Atoms of the SAME ELEMENT with the SAME no. of PROTONS but DIFFERENT no. of NEUTRONS.

Question 18

Why do isotopes have similar chemical properties?

Answer 18

• atoms of the same element
• same no. of protons and electrons but different no. of neutrons
• since electric configuration determines the chemical properties of the atom, isotopes have similar chemical properties.

Question 19

Electron shells CLOSEST to the nucleus have the (lowest/highest) energy

Answer 19

Lowest

Question 20

Electrons FURTHER from the nucleus have (stronger/weaker) forces of attraction.

Answer 20

Weaker

Question 21

How many electrons can the first 4 electron shells hold?

Answer 21

1: 2
2: 8
3: 8
4: 32

Question 22

The outermost electron shell is known as?

Answer 22

Valence shell

Question 23

The electrons in the outermost shell are known as?

Answer 23

Valence electrons

Question 24

Elements in the same group have the same?

Answer 24

Valence electrons

Question 25

Elements in the same period have the same?

Answer 25

Electron shells

Question 26

How to test for metals?

Answer 26

Test if it is an electrical conductor.

Question 27

What are metalloids?

Answer 27

Elements with properties of metals and non-metals.

Question 28

Why are metals electrical conductors?

Answer 28

Metals have DELOCALISED VALENCE ELECTRONS that carry charge throughout the metal.

Question 29

When going down a group, there is an ______ in metallic properties and a ______ in non-metallic properties.

Answer 29

Increase in metallic properties Decrease in non-metallic properties

Question 30

When going across a period, there is a _______ in metallic properties and a _____ in non-metallic porperties.

Answer 30

Decrease in metallic properties Increase in non-metallic properties

Question 31

Metals will form ____ with _____ charge.

Answer 31

Metals will form CATIONS with POSITIVE charge.

Question 32

Non-metals will form ____ with _____ charge.

Answer 32

Non-metals will form ANIONS with NEGATIVE charge.