Ch.3 Arterial Pathology/ Patient Hx And Exam Flashcards
What is the most common arterial pathology
Atherosclerosis obliterans
Where in the arterial wall does atherosclerosis occur
Between the intima and media
What is the most common symptom with peripheral arterial disease
Claudication
___: exertional leg pain
Claudication
Which is better tolerated by the body and why; acute occlusion or granular occlusion
Gradual because there is more time to form collateral pathways
What are the 6 Ps associated with acute arterial occlusion
-pain
-pallor
-pulselessness
-paresthesia
-paralysis
-poikiloderma/ polar
___: white or pale skin
Pallor
___: abnormal sensation of the skin typically describes as tingling or pins and needles
Paresthesia
Which type of aneurysm is diffuse and variable in diameter and length
Fusiform
Which type of aneurysm involves a short segment of the vessel
Saccular
___: dilation of the artery involving all three wall layers
Aneurysm
Where is the most common location for aneurysm
Infrarenal abdominal aorta
50% of patients with a popliteal artery aneurysm will most likely have another aneurysm where?
Aortic
What is the most common complication of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Rupture
What is the most common complication for peripheral arterial aneurysm
Embolization
What are some causes of arterial dissection
-spontaneous
-trauma
-hypertension
Which wall layer is affected with aortic dissection
Intimal layer
Where is the most common location for arterial dissection
Thoracic aorta
What are some complications of arterial dissection
-stenosis
- occlusion
- thrombosis
-death
With Coarctation of the aorta there is a stricture in which part of the aorta
Thoracic
What are some clinical findings associated with coarctation of aorta
-lower extremity ischemia
-exertional leg pain
-decreased or absent pulses
-hypertension due to decreased renal perfusion
Where is the most commonly identified location for FMD
Distal internal carotid arteries or renal arteries
___: inflammation of arterial wall
Arteritis
Type of arteritis that occurs primarily in men <40 who are heavy smokers
Buergers disease
Type of arteritis that occurs in females and often referred to as pulselessness disease
Takayasus arteritis
Takayasus arteritis usually affects what part of the aorta
Aortic arch and branches
___: intermittent digital ischemia due to small vessel vasospasm secondary to cold exposure or emotional stress
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is caused by the compression of the popliteal artery by what
Head of gastrocnemius muscle
___: compression of the neurovascular bundle by the shoulder structures
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Risk factors for arterial disease
-diabetes
-family or personal history
-hypertension
-hyperlipidemia
-tobacco use
-age
___: pain at rest
Ischemic rest pain
___: reddish discoloration of skin
Rubor
___: bluish discoloration of the skin
Cyanosis
how can these hands be described?
cyanotic
how would you describe the shape of this aneurysm
fusiform
how would you describe the shape of this aneurysm
saccular
what kind of pathology is shown here
aortic dissection
