Ch. 2 Arterial System Anatomy Flashcards
___: transports gases, nutrients and other essential substances to the capillaries
arteries
___: considered resistance vessels; assist with regulating blood flow through contraction and relaxation
arterioles
___: nutrients and waste products are exchanged between tissues and the blood
capillaries
___: collect blood from capillary beds and regulate blood flow though contraction and relaxation
venules
___: collect blood from the venules and return it to the heart
veins
do veins get larger or smaller as they get closer to the heart
larger
do arteries get larger or smaller as they get further from the heart
smaller
what are the layers of the arterial wall in order from inner to outer
-tunica intina
-tunica media
-tunica adventitia
which wall layer helps to regulate the blood flow through the vessel
media
which arterial wall layer is composed of smooth endothelial cells
tunica intima
which arterial wall layer is the thickest
media
which arterial wall layer contains fibrous connective tissue
adventitia
which wall layer contains the vasa vasorum
adventitia
___: a network of very small vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the walls of larger blood vessels
vasa vasorum
which arterial vessel wall layer is the most common location for atherosclerosis to occur
intima
which arterial wall layer is composed of smooth muscle cells
media
what are the parts of the aorta
-ascending
-arch
-descending thoracic
-abdominal
the ascending aorta:
begins:
terminates:
begins: aortic valve
terminates: at first branch off aortic arch
aortic arch:
begins:
ends:
begins: at the first branch
ends: descending aorta
the descending aorta:
starts:
ends:
starts: at the termination of the arch
ends: diaphragm
what are the first branches off of the aorta
coronary arteries
abdominal aorta:
begins:
ends:
begins: as the aorta passes through diaphragm
ends: aortic bifurcation into iliac arteries
what are the three branches off the aortic arch
-brachiocephalic
-left common carotid
-left subclavian
what is the other name for the brachiocephalic artery
innominate
which side does the brachiocephalic arise from?
right side
the brachiocephalic branches into ____
right CCA and right subclavian
subclavian artery:
begins:
ends:
begins: either directly off aorta (left) or off brachiocephalic (right)
ends: in the axillary artery at the border of the first rib
axillary artery:
begins:
ends:
begins: at the termination of the subclavian at the border of the first rib
ends: brachial artery at the axilla
brachial artery:
begins:
terminates:
begins: at the axilla as the continuation of the axillary artery
terminates: around the antecubital fossa where it divides into radial and ulnar
radial artery:
starts:
terminates:
starts: antecubital fossa at termination of brachial artery
ends: deep palmar arch
the radial artery is located on which side of the forearm?
lateral (thumb)
ulnar artery:
starts:
terminates:
starts: antecubital fossa at termination of brachial artery
terminates: superficial palmar arch
the ulnar artery is located on which side of the forearm?
medial (pinky)
the deep palmar arch travels along the ___
palm
the superficial palmar arch travels along the ___
back of hand
the digital arteries arise from ____
palmar arches
the superficial palmar arch consists of:
distal portion of ulnar artery and a branch of the radial artery
the deep palmar arch consists of:
distal portion of radial artery and deep palmar branch of ulnar artery
what are the most common branches off of the subclavian artery
-vertebral
-thyrocervical
-internal thoracic (internal mammary)
-costocervical trunk
what are the branches off the axillary artery
-superior artery
-thoracic artery
-thoracoacromial artery
-lateral thoracic artery
-subscapular artery
-anterior and posterior humeral artery
-thoracodorsal artery
what is the main source of blood to the hand
ulnar artery
What is the first major branch off the abdominal aorta
Celiac trunk
The celiac trunk will branch into what three arteries?
- left gastric
-splenic
-common hepatic
What is a common congenital variant that can occur with the celiac and sma
They can share one trunk
The celiac artery and it’s branches supply what?
-stomach
-liver
-pancreas
-duodenum
-spleen
The sma supplies what
-small intestine
-cecum
- parts of colon
The renal arteries supply blood to what
-kidneys
-ureters
-adrenal
Which renal artery is longer and why
Right, passes behind the IVC
What is a common congenital variant with renal arteries
Multiple
The IMA supplies blood to what
-descending colon
-part of rectum
If there is mesenteric arterial obstruction what are the two potential collateral pathways connecting the SMA and IMA
- marginal artery of Drummond
-arc of Riolan
The abdominal aorta terminates at the level of the bifurcation into what arteries
Common iliac arteries
The common iliac arteries supply blood to what
-pelvis
-abdominal wall
-lower limbs
The common iliac arteries will branch off into
-internal iliac arteries
-external iliac
What is the other name for the internal iliac artery
Hypogastric artery
The internal iliac artery supplies blood to what
-pelvis
-inner thigh
The external iliac artery supplies blood to what
Leg
The external iliac artery will terminate into what
CFA
Common femoral artery:
Starts:
Ends:
Starts: at inguinal ligament at termination of EIA
Ends: at bifurcation into SFA and profunda
SFA:
Starts:
Terminates:
Starts: at the termination of the CFA
Terminates: into popliteal artery in adductor hiatus
The profunda femoris supplies blood to what
Thigh
Popliteal artery:
Starts:
Ends:
Starts: at adductor hiatus at termination of SFA
Ends: trifurcation
What is the trifurcation
Anterior tibial arteries and tibioperoneal trunk (which will then bifurcate into PTA and Peroneal artery)
What is the first branch of the distal popliteal artery
Anterior tibial artery
The ATA will terminate into ___
Dorsalis pedis artery
The Tibioperoneal trunk will branch into what
PTA
Peroneal arteries
The posterior tibial artery supplies blood to what
Sole of foot
The peroneal artery supplies blood to what
Lateral side or leg and foot
The pta will terminate into what
Lateral and medial plantar arteries
The peroneal artery will terminate into
External calcaneal artery
Which artery in the calf can be located between the head of the tibia and head of fibula
ATA
Which calf artery can be found along the medial aspect of the fibula
Peroneal artery
What are the vessels that form the plantar arch
Lateral and deep plantar arteries
The dorsalis plantar artery will eventually branch into ___
Deep plantar artery
What arteries supply blood to the toes
Plantar and dorsal metatarsal arteries that arise off plantar arch
What is the most common congenital variant of abdominal arch
Bovine arch: only two direct branches (innominate and left CCA originate as one trunk then split and the other branch is left subclavian)
Label:
1. RT CCA
2. Lt CCA
3. Lt subclavian
4. Rt subclavian
5. brachiocephalic
6. right coronary artery
7. left coronary artery
Label:
1. ascending aorta
2. aortic arch
3. descending
4. abdominal
label
1. rt cca
2. lt cca
3. brachiocephalic
4. lt subclavian
5. left axillay
6. lt brachial
7. lt ulnar
8. lt radial
9. lt digital arteries
10. rt subclavina
11. rt axillay
12. rt brachial
13. rt radial
14. rt ulnar
15. rt digital arteries
label
1. external iliac artery
2. inguinal ligament
3. deep femoral
4. common iliac
5. internal iliac
6. femoral
7. popliteal
8. ATA
9. PTA
10. fibular
11. dorsalis pedis
12. plantar arch
label
1. femoral artery
2. popliteal
3. ATA
4. PTA
5. fibular
6. EIA
7. deep femoral
8. peroneal
9. lateral planar
10. medial plantar
11. plantar arch
label
1. left gastric artery
2. common hepatic artery
3. right renal artery
4. sma
5. celiac trunk
6. splenic artery
7. left renal artery
8. IMA
label
1. right common iliac
2. left common iliac
3. internal iliac arteries
4. right external iliac
5. left external iliac
