CH3 Anatomy

Question 1

the brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

Central Nervous System

Question 2

connects brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body

Answer 2

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 3

controls voluntary muscles and conveys sensory information to the CNS

Answer 3

somatic nervous system

Question 4

controls voluntary muscles and conveys sensory information to the CNS

Answer 4

somatic nervous system

Question 5

controls heart, intestines, and other organs

Answer 5

autonomic nervous system

Question 6

controls heart, intestines, and other organs

Answer 6

autonomic nervous system

Question 7

facilitates vegetative and nonemergency responses

dominant during our relaxed states

Answer 7

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 8

responsibke for vital reflexes such as breathing, heart rate, vomiting, salivation, coughing, and sneezing

Answer 8

medulla

Question 9

helps regulate motor movement, balance, and coordination

Answer 9

cerebellum

Question 10

brain bridge

connects the two hemispheres

Answer 10

the pons

Question 11

allow the medula to control sensations from the head, muscle movements in the head, and many parasympathetic outputs

Answer 11

cranial nerves

Question 12

allow the medula to control sensations from the head, muscle movements in the head, and many parasympathetic outputs

Answer 12

cranial nerves

Question 13

allow the medula to control sensations from the head, muscle movements in the head, and many parasympathetic outputs

Answer 13

cranial nerves

Question 14

The Midbrain roof of the midbrain

Answer 14

Tectum

Question 15

The Midbrain processes sensory information

Answer 15

Superior colliculus and inferior colliculus

Question 16

The Midbrain contains nuclei for cranial nerves and part of the reticular formation

Answer 16

Tegmentum

Question 17

The Midbrain gives rise to the dopamine-containing pathway facilitating readiness for movement

Answer 17

Substantia nigra

Question 18

The most anterior and prominent part of the mammalian brain, with two cerebral hemispheres

Answer 18

the forebrain

Question 19

hormone-producing gland found at the base of the hypothalamus

Answer 19

Pituitary gland

Question 20

comprises the caudate nucleus, the putamen, and the globus pallidus

Answer 20

basal ganglia

Question 21

Consists of a number of other interlinked structures that form a border around the brainstem

Includes the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus of the cerebral cortex

Answer 21

The Limbic System

Question 22

A large structure located between the thalamus and cerebral cortex

Toward the posterior portion of the forebrain

Critical for certain types of memory, especially memories for individual events.

Answer 22

The Hippocampus

Question 23

small area near the base

Conveys messages to the pituitary gland to alter the release of hormones

Answer 23

Hypothalamus

Question 24

relay station from the sensory organs; main source of input to the cortex

Answer 24

Thalamus

Question 25

Four fluid-filled cavities within the brain’s central canal containing cerebrospinal fluid Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): a clear fluid found in the brain and spinal cord

Answer 25

The Ventricles

Question 26

Known as the striate cortex or the primary visual cortex Highly responsible for visual input Damage can result in cortical blindness Located at the posterior end of the cortex

Answer 26

The Occipital Lobe

Question 27

Contains the postcentral gyrus (“primary somatosensory cortex”) Primary target for touch sensations and information from muscle-stretch receptors and joint receptors Also responsible for processing and integrating information about eye, head, and body positions from information sent from muscles and joints Essential for spatial information as well as numerical information

Answer 27

The Parietal Lobe

Question 28

The most prominent part of the mammalian brain. Consists of the cellular layers on the outer surface of the cerebral hemispheres Divided into two halves Joined by two bundles of axons called the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure More highly developed in humans than other species

Answer 28

The Cerebral Cortex

Question 29

Located on the lateral portion of each hemisphere near the temples Target for auditory information and essential for processing spoken language Also responsible for complex aspects of vision, including movement and some emotional and motivational behaviors Klüver-Bucy syndrome associated with temporal lobe damage

Answer 29

The Temporal Lobe

Question 30

Contains the prefrontal cortex and the precentral gyrus

Answer 30

The Frontal Lobe

Question 31

The Frontal Lobe Precentral gyrus

Answer 31

also known as the primary motor cortex; responsible for the control of fine motor movement

Question 32

The Frontal Lobe Prefrontal cortex

Answer 32

the integration center for all sensory information and other areas of the cortex (most anterior portion of the frontal lobe) Responsible for: Higher functions such as abstract thinking and planning Our ability to remember recent events and information (“working memory”)

Question 33

a technique that allows researchers to turn on activity in targeted neurons by a device that shines a laser within the brain

Answer 33

Optogenetics

Question 34

Application of an intense magnetic field to a portion of the scalp to temporarily deactivate neurons below the magnet

Answer 34

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Question 35

removal of a brain area

Answer 35

ablation

Question 36

damage to a brain area, often done for research

Answer 36

Lesion

Question 37

used to damage structures in the interior of the brain

Answer 37

Stereotaxic instrument

Question 38

The process of relating skull anatomy to behavior

Answer 38

Phrenology