CH.27.1-27.2

Question 1

• process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earth’s surface.
• proceso que implica la descomposición física o química de los materiales en la superficie terrestre

Answer 1

weathering

Question 2

mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life.

Answer 2

soil

Question 3

• removal of surface material through the process of weathering.
• Remoción de material superficial a través del proceso de meteorización.

Answer 3

erosion

Question 4

sediment transport
-Process of moving eroded material from one place to another through the movement of water, ice, wind due to gravity.

-proceso de mover material erosionado de un lugar a otro a través del movimiento del agua, hielo, viento debido a la gravedad.

Answer 4

sediment transport

Question 5

• dropping of sediment previously in transport as the erosional agent slows down or in the case of ice melts.
• caída de sedimentos previamente transportados a medida que el agente erosivo se ralentiza o en el caso de que el hielo se derrita

Answer 5

deposition

Question 6

• land area that gathers water for a major river or several major river systems.
• Cuenca de drenaje: área de tierra que recoge agua para un río importante o sirve para sistemas fluviales importantes

Answer 6

-drainage basin

Question 7

• movement of water and often, sediment, parallel to the shoreline.
• Corriente costera: movimiento de agua y, a menudo, de sedimentos, paralelo a la costa.

Answer 7

longshore current

Question 8

What is it called when any change in size, shape, or state of matter in which the identity of the substance remains the same?

cualquier cambio de tamaño, forma o estado de la materia en el que la identidad de la sustancia sigue siendo la misma.

Answer 8

Physical Change

Question 9

What is it called when particles of rock deposited on Earth’s surface may become rocks?

Partículas de roca depositadas en la superficie de la Tierra que pueden convertirse en rocas.

Answer 9

Sediment

Question 10

what is weathering?

Question 11

do rocks weather at the same rate

Answer 11

Rainfall and temperature can affect the rate in which rocks weather

Question 12

what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather?

Answer 12

Rainfall and temperature

Question 13

what are the two types of weathering?

Answer 13

mechanical weathering and chemical weathering.

Question 14

what type of change happens with chemical weatering?

Answer 14

geological change.

Question 15

what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weatering?

Answer 15

Freeze-thaw weathering or Frost Wedging. Exfoliation weathering or Unloading. Thermal Expansion.

Question 16

what causes frost wedging?

Answer 16

water gets in crack, freezes, and expands.

Question 17

what is the cycle called during frost wedging?

Answer 17

frost action weathering

Question 18

what causes biological activity?

Answer 18

amino acid sequence

Question 19

what causes weathering during collisions?

Answer 19

wind, water, ice, plants, gravity, and changes in temperature.

Question 20

what is soil?

Question 21

what is parent material?

Answer 21

Parent material is the underlying geological material in which soil horizons form. Soils typically inherit a great deal of structure and minerals from their parent material

Question 22

what are soil horizons are there?

Answer 22

There are five soil horizons: O, A, E, B, and C. (R is used to denote bedrock.) There is no set order for these horizons within a soil

Question 23

true or false.All soils contain every soil horizon

Answer 23

Most soils have three major horizons (A, B, C) and some have an organic horizon (O)

Question 24

what are the specific soil horizon?

Answer 24

the surface horizon (A), the subsoil (B), and the substratum (C).

Question 25

what does the first soil horizon mostly made up of?

Answer 25

humus

Question 26

which layer does leaching occur?

Answer 26

The E horizon is a subsurface horizon that has been heavily leached. Leaching is the process in which soluble nutrients are lost from the soil due to precipitation or irrigation.

Question 27

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons?

Answer 27

An underlying loose, but poorly developed horizon is called a C horizon

Question 28

which layer is partially weathered bedrock?

Answer 28

C horizon

Question 29

which layer is unweathered bedrock?

Question 30

which soil horizons make up the topsoil?

Question 31

which soil horizons make up the sunsoil?

Question 32

what are the two types of glaciers?

Question 33

where do valley glaciers form?

Question 34

where are the two continental glaciers located?

Question 35

what is a cirque ?

Question 36

what is an arete?

Question 37

what is a horn in a mountainous region?

Question 38

what shape of valley do valley glaciers form?

Question 39

what are tributary glaciers?

Question 40

what type of valleys do tributary glaciers form?