Ch26,p2 Hormones and endocrine system

Question 1

what can stimulate glands?

Answer 1

a. changes in chemical (nutrient) levels, b. Nervous system stimulation, c. other hormones

Question 2

what are the functions of hormones?

Answer 2

regulate, control, and initiate

Question 3

which hormone is produced by the pineal gland?

Answer 3

melatonin

Question 4

what are the 2 areas of the pituitary gland?

Answer 4

posterior and anterior

Question 5

which one of them has a connection to nervous tissue?

Answer 5

Posterior pituitary

Question 6

which one of them stores hormones?

Answer 6

posterior pituitary

Question 7

what produces oxytocin?

Answer 7

hypothalamus

Question 8

what releases oxytocin?

Answer 8

Posterior pituitary

Question 9

what is the difference between oxytocin and prolactin?

Answer 9

oxytocin: utrine muscle and breast contraction; prolactin: produce milk

Question 10

where is the antiduretic hormone produced? Where is it released?

Answer 10

hypothalamus, posterior pituitary

Question 11

what triggers the production of ADH?

Answer 11

drought

Question 12

what does ADH target?

Answer 12

kidney tubules

Question 13

how does the anterior pituitary gland receive orders from the hypothalamus?

Answer 13

releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus go everywhere including anterior pituitary gland where itll find its receptors, and order it to release a certain hormone.

Question 14

what are the 6 anterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 14

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH)

Question 15

how many hormones are involved in the function of the thyroid stimulating hormone?

Answer 15

three. (Hypothalamus will release TRH to anterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary will release TSH to thyroid, thyroid will release thyroid hormone.)

Question 16

how does prolactin function in birds and amphibians, fish, and mammals?

Answer 16

mating behaviors in birds and amphibians, regulation of water balance in fish, and milk production in mammals.

Question 17

what hormone causes gigantism and dwarfism?

Answer 17

growth hormone

Question 18

what is the sequence of events leading to the release of a thyroid hormone?

Answer 18

Hypothalamus will release TRH to anterior pituitary, Anterior pituitary will release TSH to thyroid, thyroid will release thyroid hormone.

Question 19

what are the 2 main thyroid hormones?

Answer 19

thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Question 20

what gland makes calcitonin?

Answer 20

thyroid

Question 21

what is the function of calcitonin?

Answer 21

decreases calcium levels.

Question 22

how does TH (thyroid hormone) affect frogs? Mammals?

Answer 22

in frogs, it regulates metamorphosis. In mammals, it increases metabolism.

Question 23

what are the symptoms of hyperthyroidsm and hypothyroidsm?

Answer 23

hypo→overweight, cold, lethargy. Hyper→underweight, hot, sweaty, increased heart rate and blood pressure, irritability.

Question 24

what is graves’ disease?

Answer 24

it is the most common form of hyperhyroidsm. Its symptoms include protruding eyes caused by fluid accumiolation behind the eyeballs.

Question 25

what most commonly causes hypothyroidism?

Answer 25

an autoimmune reaction.

Question 26

what results from severe iodine deficiency during childhood?

Answer 26

a hindered skeletal growth and poor mental development

Question 27

what results from an insufficient iodine diet in adults?

Answer 27

goiter. It is an enlargement of the thyroid.

Question 28

why does iodine deficiency cause thyroid enlargement?

Answer 28

since iodine atoms are a component of thyroid hormone, the thyroid cannot synthesize adequate amounts of hormone with out enough iodine. The lack of thyroid hormone interrupts the feedback loops that control thyroid activity. The blood never carries enough hormone to shut off the secretion of the TRHor TSH. The thyroid enlarges because TSHcontinues to stimulate its growth.

Question 29

how is hyperthyroidism treated? Hypothyroidism?

Answer 29

hypo or goiter → eat iodine rich food. Hyper → radioactive iodine treatment to kill some thyroid cells.