Ch.25

Question 1

synapomorphy

Answer 1

is a trait found in two or more taxa
most recent ancestor
identify monophyletic groups –clades

Question 2

mapping traits and groups on trees

Answer 2

homology-monophyletic group

homoplasy- polyphyletic group

paraphyletic

Question 3

life arose during the___

Answer 3

precambrian (4,600 million years ago)

Question 4

first reptiles

Answer 4

Paleozoic era

Question 5

we living during the ___ era

Answer 5

cenozoic

Question 6

Dinosaurs went extinct

Answer 6

Mesozoic

Question 7

___were the dominant vertebrate life form during the Paleozoic era

Answer 7

Amphibians

Question 8

Which of the following would be LEAST likely in the fossil record?

Answer 8

desert-dwelling species

Question 9

adaptive radiation

Answer 9

occurs in species that live in one habitat

Question 10

convergent evolution

Answer 10

independent evolution of similar traits in distantly related organisms due to adaptation to similar environment and lifestyles.

selective pressure produced

Question 11

adaptive radiations direct consequences

Answer 11

1) colonization of an isolated region that contains suitable habitat and few competitor species
2) vacant ecological niches
3) evolutionary innovation
4) an adaptive radiation in a group of organisms (such as plants) that another group uses as food

Question 12

faunas

Answer 12

soft-bodies animals are well represented in these faunas

Question 13

appearance of an evolutionary novelty (new trait) promotes

Answer 13

adaptive radiation

Question 14

mass extinction

Answer 14

occurs when at least 60 percent of species are wiped out within 1 million years

Question 15

fossil

Answer 15

any trace of an organism that lived in the past

Question 16

homoplasy

Answer 16

traits are similar but not inherited from a common ancestor

ex: cell walls in plants and fungi

Question 17

why is the principle of parsimony important in constructing phylogenies?

Answer 17

The principle of parsimony reduces the effect homoplasy will have on the phylogenetic tree.

Question 18

analogous traits

Answer 18

result of convergent evolution, not shared ancestry.