ch 23 evolutionary processes

Question 1

population

Answer 1

members of a species that inhabit an area
interbreed
produce offsprings

Question 2

gene pool (p, p^2,2pq , q^2, q)

Answer 2

• all of the alleles form all the gametes produced in each generation
• single group
• mixing random
• change frequency –population evolving

Question 3

Hardy-Weinberg principle

Answer 3

punnett square 
eq: p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
p^2= homozygous dominant 
q^2= homozygous recessive 
2pq = heterozygous

Question 4

allele frequency

Answer 4

p+q=1

Question 5

genotype frequencies:
individual people
individual organism
individual phenotypes

Answer 5

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

Question 6

Hardy Weinberg–assumptions

Answer 6

1) no selection–all members of the parental generation survive and contribute equal gametes
2) no net mutation–no new alleles introduced into the gene pool
3) large population–
4) random mating–combined at random
5) no migration –assume no new allele added by immigration or emigration

Question 7

evolution - change in allele frequencies - driven by four processes:

Answer 7

Natural selection
genetic drift
gene flow
mutation

Question 8

Natural selection

Answer 8

natural selection occurs when individuals with certain phenotypes produce more SURVIVING offsprings than do individuals with other phenotypes.

natural selection no good for genetic variation

a result of differential success in reproduction

INCREASE/DECREASE/MAINTAIN
GENETIC VARIATION

Question 9

Genetic Drift

Answer 9

any change in allele frequencies in a population that is due to change

-responsible for the bottleneck effect
-responsible for the founder effect
EX: sampling error

DECREASES GENETIC VARIATION

Question 10

genetic flow

Answer 10

when an individual leaves one population, joins another, and breeds.
-alleles are moving not entire new genes - immigration and emigration.

INCREASE/DECREASE GENETIC VARIATION

Question 11

mutation

Answer 11

create new alleles

• point mutation
• chromosome-level mutation
• lateral gene transfer

INCREASE GENETIC VARIATION

Question 12

frequency-dependent selection

Answer 12

the members of the minority sex often receive a greater proportion of care and resources from parents than do the offspring of the majority sex.

Question 13

microevolution

Answer 13

generation-to-generation change in the allele frequencies in a population

Question 14

Sickle cell disease and malaria are…

Answer 14

both potentially lethal diseases