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Anatomy and physiology I Lab > Ch.20 areas to work on > Flashcards

Ch.20 areas to work on Flashcards

1
Q

Where are lymphatic capillaries absent from?

A

Bones, teeth, bone marrow, and CNS

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2
Q

Because lymphatic capillaries are able to take up larger molecules that blood caps couldn’t, this acts as a route for pathogens and cancer cells to enter the lymphatic system. Does this make sense?

A

Yes, because lymphatic vessels are more permeable than veins or arteries.

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3
Q

Specialized lymph capillaries present in the intestinal mucosa. Does this describe lacteals or the cisterna chyle?

A

Lacteals

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4
Q

What do lacteals do?

A

Absorb digested fat and deliver chyle to the blood

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5
Q

Veins have thinner walls than arteries. ______ vessels have thinner walls than even veins

A

Lymphatic

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6
Q

Do lymphatic vessels anastomose more frequently than veins?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Do collecting vessels in the skin travel with deep veins?

A

No, they travel with superficial veins

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8
Q

What did the thoracic duct start out as in about half of individuals

A

A sac called the cisterna chyli

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9
Q

Is lymphangitis a condition in which Lymphatic vessels appear as red lines under the skin? If so, what causes it?

A

Yes. It is caused by inflammation of larger lymphatic vessels that contain vaso vasora

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10
Q

Lymphocytes are lymphoid cells of the innate immune system. True or False?

A

False, they are of the adaptive system.

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11
Q

What do antibodies do?

A

They mark antigens for destruction. (phagocytes then come and eat them up)

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12
Q

B cells produce _____ cells, which secrete antibodies

A

Plasma

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13
Q

What do dendritic cells do?

A

They capture antigens and deliver them to the lymph nodes

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14
Q

Do macrophages phagocytize foreign substances?

A

Yes

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15
Q

Do reticular cells produce reticular fibers called lacteals in the lymphoid organs?

A

No, it is called stroma. (lacteals are in the GI tract)

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16
Q

How does lymphoid tissue support lymphocytes?

A

The tissue allows for lymphocyte proliferation and also houses them until they need to be activated. They can be stationed there or float around as they filter through the lymph looking for antigens.

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17
Q

Where can you find germinal centers of proliferating b cells?

A

In lymphoid follicles (nodules)

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18
Q

Can lymphoid follicles form part of larger lymphoid organs?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Are peyers patches and the appendix areas of isolated aggregations of lymphoid follicles?

A

Yes

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20
Q

Are the two primary lymphoid organs the red bone marrow and thymus?

A

Yes

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21
Q

What characterizes secondary lymphoid organs?

A

A secondary lymphoid organ is where mature lymphocytes ( B and T) first encounter an antigen and become activated

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22
Q

Why are the red bone marrow and thymus not secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Because T and B cells originate in the R bone marrow (b cells mature in RBW and T cells in thymus) and they are then seeded into 2ndary lymphoid organs

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23
Q

Is MALT a secondary lymphoid organ?

A

Yes

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24
Q

Are lymph nodes secondary lymphoid organs?

A

Yes

25
Q

How do lymph nodes cleanse lymph?

A

Macrophages within the nodes remove and destroy microorganisms

26
Q

How are lymph nodes related to the immune system location wise?

A

Lymph nodes offer a place for lymphocytes to become activated and then begin attacking antigens (remember, lymphatic capillaries are extremely permeable and allow larger molecules like pathogens and cancer cells to enter the lymph stream)

27
Q

Remember that lymph nodes are small and mostly bean shaped. What’s the cm?

A

~2.5

28
Q

Are lymph nodes surround by a trabeculae capsule?

A

No, surrounded by an external fibrous capsule

29
Q

The fibrous capsule extends inward as traveculae that divides the node into compartments. T or F?

A

True

30
Q

Do efferent lymphatic vessels take fluid away from the lymph node?

A

Yes

31
Q

Do afferent lymphatic vessels take fluid away from the lymph node?

A

No, they bring it to the lymph node

32
Q

How does the lymph node structure ensure the lymph gets cleansed properly?

A

There are more afferent vessels than efferent, which means lymph gets backed up in the lymph node and has to go through several sinuses before reaching the efferent vessels. This also gives the housed macrophages and lymphocytes time to employ their defensive functions

33
Q

What are inflamed, swollen and tender lymph nodes called?

A

Buboes

34
Q

What is the largest lymphoid organ?

A

Spleen

35
Q

The splenic artery and vein are at the spleen’s _______

A

hilum

36
Q

In which lymphoid organ do lymphocytes proliferate?

A

Spleen

37
Q

Does the spleen store breakdown products of RBC’s for later reuse?

A

Yes

38
Q

Does the spleen store plasma and lymphocytes for release into the blood when needed?

A

No, it stores platelets and monocytes (which become macrophages)

39
Q

Which lymphoid organ has red and white pulp?

A

Spleen

40
Q

Do you find lymphocytes on reticular fibers in the red or white pulp of the spleen?

A

White pulp

41
Q

In the spleen, _____ pulp clusters are found around central arteries; they appear as islands of _____ in a sea of ____ pulp.

A

White pulp clusters are found; looks like islands of white in a sea of red

42
Q

Does the spleen have a thick or thin capsule?

A

Thin

43
Q

Splenectomy’s are old school. Why?

A

Removed to prevent hemorrhaging and shock. Eventually it was discovered the spleen can often enough repair itself

44
Q

Which two organs take over its functions if the spleen is removed?

A

Liver and bone marrow

45
Q

At what age can a spleen regenerate itself?

A

12 and younger

46
Q

What does MALT stand for and what does it do?

A

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Protects pathogens trying to enter body.

47
Q

Where is MALT found?

A

Respiratory tract, genitourinary organs, and digestive tract (anywhere your body is exposed to outside pathogens)

48
Q

Is MALT lymphoid tissue found in mucous membranes?

A

Yes

49
Q

What three areas is MALT found?

A

Tonsils, Peyer’s patches, and the appendix

50
Q

Adenoids are another name for which type of tonsil?

A

Pharyngeal

51
Q

Which tonsils are infected the most often?

A

Palatine (strep throat)

52
Q

Clusters of lymphoid follicles in the wall of the distal portion of the small intestine are called ______ _____ and generate “memory” lymphocytes

A

Peyer’s patches

53
Q

Like peyer’s patches, the ______ also generates “memory” lymphocytes

A

Appendix

54
Q

Which organ is bilobed and partially overlies heart?

A

Thymus

55
Q

Which organ stops growing during adolescence and then gradually atrophies?

A

Thymus

56
Q

How is the stroma different in the thymus?

A

It is made up of epithelial cells, not reticular fibers

57
Q

The thymus has no follicles because it lacks this lymphocyte.

A

B cells

58
Q

What does the blood thymus barrier prevent?

A

It prevents immature T cells from seeing any antigens and activating prematurely

59
Q

Where to T cells become immunocompetent?

A

Thymus

Anatomy and physiology I Lab (5 decks)

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