Ch.20 areas to work on

Question 1

Where are lymphatic capillaries absent from?

Answer 1

Bones, teeth, bone marrow, and CNS

Question 2

Because lymphatic capillaries are able to take up larger molecules that blood caps couldn’t, this acts as a route for pathogens and cancer cells to enter the lymphatic system. Does this make sense?

Answer 2

Yes, because lymphatic vessels are more permeable than veins or arteries.

Question 3

Specialized lymph capillaries present in the intestinal mucosa. Does this describe lacteals or the cisterna chyle?

Answer 3

Lacteals

Question 4

What do lacteals do?

Answer 4

Absorb digested fat and deliver chyle to the blood

Question 5

Veins have thinner walls than arteries. ______ vessels have thinner walls than even veins

Answer 5

Lymphatic

Question 6

Do lymphatic vessels anastomose more frequently than veins?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Do collecting vessels in the skin travel with deep veins?

Answer 7

No, they travel with superficial veins

Question 8

What did the thoracic duct start out as in about half of individuals

Answer 8

A sac called the cisterna chyli

Question 9

Is lymphangitis a condition in which Lymphatic vessels appear as red lines under the skin? If so, what causes it?

Answer 9

Yes. It is caused by inflammation of larger lymphatic vessels that contain vaso vasora

Question 10

Lymphocytes are lymphoid cells of the innate immune system. True or False?

Answer 10

False, they are of the adaptive system.

Question 11

What do antibodies do?

Answer 11

They mark antigens for destruction. (phagocytes then come and eat them up)

Question 12

B cells produce _____ cells, which secrete antibodies

Answer 12

Plasma

Question 13

What do dendritic cells do?

Answer 13

They capture antigens and deliver them to the lymph nodes

Question 14

Do macrophages phagocytize foreign substances?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

Do reticular cells produce reticular fibers called lacteals in the lymphoid organs?

Answer 15

No, it is called stroma. (lacteals are in the GI tract)

Question 16

How does lymphoid tissue support lymphocytes?

Answer 16

The tissue allows for lymphocyte proliferation and also houses them until they need to be activated. They can be stationed there or float around as they filter through the lymph looking for antigens.

Question 17

Where can you find germinal centers of proliferating b cells?

Answer 17

In lymphoid follicles (nodules)

Question 18

Can lymphoid follicles form part of larger lymphoid organs?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

Are peyers patches and the appendix areas of isolated aggregations of lymphoid follicles?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

Are the two primary lymphoid organs the red bone marrow and thymus?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

What characterizes secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 21

A secondary lymphoid organ is where mature lymphocytes ( B and T) first encounter an antigen and become activated

Question 22

Why are the red bone marrow and thymus not secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 22

Because T and B cells originate in the R bone marrow (b cells mature in RBW and T cells in thymus) and they are then seeded into 2ndary lymphoid organs

Question 23

Is MALT a secondary lymphoid organ?

Answer 23

Yes

Question 24

Are lymph nodes secondary lymphoid organs?

Answer 24

Yes

Question 25

How do lymph nodes cleanse lymph?

Answer 25

Macrophages within the nodes remove and destroy microorganisms

Question 26

How are lymph nodes related to the immune system location wise?

Answer 26

Lymph nodes offer a place for lymphocytes to become activated and then begin attacking antigens (remember, lymphatic capillaries are extremely permeable and allow larger molecules like pathogens and cancer cells to enter the lymph stream)

Question 27

Remember that lymph nodes are small and mostly bean shaped. What's the cm?

Answer 27

~2.5

Question 28

Are lymph nodes surround by a trabeculae capsule?

Answer 28

No, surrounded by an external fibrous capsule

Question 29

The fibrous capsule extends inward as traveculae that divides the node into compartments. T or F?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Do efferent lymphatic vessels take fluid away from the lymph node?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

Do afferent lymphatic vessels take fluid away from the lymph node?

Answer 31

No, they bring it to the lymph node

Question 32

How does the lymph node structure ensure the lymph gets cleansed properly?

Answer 32

There are more afferent vessels than efferent, which means lymph gets backed up in the lymph node and has to go through several sinuses before reaching the efferent vessels. This also gives the housed macrophages and lymphocytes time to employ their defensive functions

Question 33

What are inflamed, swollen and tender lymph nodes called?

Answer 33

Buboes

Question 34

What is the largest lymphoid organ?

Answer 34

Spleen

Question 35

The splenic artery and vein are at the spleen's _______

Answer 35

hilum

Question 36

In which lymphoid organ do lymphocytes proliferate?

Answer 36

Spleen

Question 37

Does the spleen store breakdown products of RBC's for later reuse?

Answer 37

Yes

Question 38

Does the spleen store plasma and lymphocytes for release into the blood when needed?

Answer 38

No, it stores platelets and monocytes (which become macrophages)

Question 39

Which lymphoid organ has red and white pulp?

Answer 39

Spleen

Question 40

Do you find lymphocytes on reticular fibers in the red or white pulp of the spleen?

Answer 40

White pulp

Question 41

In the spleen, _____ pulp clusters are found around central arteries; they appear as islands of _____ in a sea of ____ pulp.

Answer 41

White pulp clusters are found; looks like islands of white in a sea of red

Question 42

Does the spleen have a thick or thin capsule?

Answer 42

Thin

Question 43

Splenectomy's are old school. Why?

Answer 43

Removed to prevent hemorrhaging and shock. Eventually it was discovered the spleen can often enough repair itself

Question 44

Which two organs take over its functions if the spleen is removed?

Answer 44

Liver and bone marrow

Question 45

At what age can a spleen regenerate itself?

Answer 45

12 and younger

Question 46

What does MALT stand for and what does it do?

Answer 46

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Protects pathogens trying to enter body.

Question 47

Where is MALT found?

Answer 47

Respiratory tract, genitourinary organs, and digestive tract (anywhere your body is exposed to outside pathogens)

Question 48

Is MALT lymphoid tissue found in mucous membranes?

Answer 48

Yes

Question 49

What three areas is MALT found?

Answer 49

Tonsils, Peyer's patches, and the appendix

Question 50

Adenoids are another name for which type of tonsil?

Answer 50

Pharyngeal

Question 51

Which tonsils are infected the most often?

Answer 51

Palatine (strep throat)

Question 52

Clusters of lymphoid follicles in the wall of the distal portion of the small intestine are called ______ _____ and generate "memory" lymphocytes

Answer 52

Peyer's patches

Question 53

Like peyer's patches, the ______ also generates "memory" lymphocytes

Answer 53

Appendix

Question 54

Which organ is bilobed and partially overlies heart?

Answer 54

Thymus

Question 55

Which organ stops growing during adolescence and then gradually atrophies?

Answer 55

Thymus

Question 56

How is the stroma different in the thymus?

Answer 56

It is made up of epithelial cells, not reticular fibers

Question 57

The thymus has no follicles because it lacks this lymphocyte.

Answer 57

B cells

Question 58

What does the blood thymus barrier prevent?

Answer 58

It prevents immature T cells from seeing any antigens and activating prematurely

Question 59

Where to T cells become immunocompetent?

Answer 59

Thymus