Ch.2 - Vocabulary

Question 1

Cellulose

Answer 1

Polysaccharide of glucose that forms plant cell walls

Question 2

Starch

Answer 2

Polysaccharide of glucose that acts as a storage carbohydrate in plants

Question 3

Sucrose

Answer 3

Disaccharide made from glucose and fructose. The main sugar transported in the phloem of plants.

Question 4

Glycogen

Answer 4

Polysaccharide of glucose that acts as a storage carbohydrate in animals and fungi. Found in liver and muscles.

Question 5

Chitin

Answer 5

Chemical made in the cell walls of fungi

Question 6

Saprotrophic

Answer 6

Type of nutrition where dead organic material is digested outside the body of the organism by extracellular enzymes. Carried out by fungi and most bacteria

Question 7

Capsule

Answer 7

Slime layer covering some bacterial cells. Protects the bacterium and stops it drying out.

Question 8

Peptidoglycan

Answer 8

A complex compound of sugars and proteins called peptidoglycan.

Question 9

Plasmid

Answer 9

Small circular piece of DNA found in bacteria and used in genetic engineering

Question 10

Decomposer

Answer 10

Organism that feeds by breaking down the dead remains of other organisms, e.g. some bacteria and fungi

Question 11

Pathogen

Answer 11

Organism that causes disease, e.g. some bacteria