Ch2: Midlife and Aging-related Body Changes Flashcards
Estimated caloric reduction to achieve 1-1.5 lb per week weight loss in short term
500-750 calories
Roughly intake of 1200 to 1500 calories per day
Phentermine
Sympathomimetic drug
Appetite suppressant
Associated abuse potential, therefore approved only for short-term use
Diethyproprion
Sympathomimetic drug
Appetite suppressant
Associated abuse potential, therefore approved only for short-term use
Orlistat
Pancreatic lipase inhibitor that decreases absorption of ingested fat
Main AEs are GI-related, diarrhea and flatulence
Binds to fat-soluble vitamins, need to take multivitamin separate from medication
Lorcaserin
Selective serotonin 2c receptor agonist
Stimulate receptor in appetite center of brain
AEs are HA, dizziness, fatigue, nausea, dry mouth, constipation
Caution if taking serotonergic or antidopaminergic medications, may precipitate serotonin syndrome or neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Caution if valvular heart disease, CHF, psychiatric disorders, priapism
Naltrexone-bupropion SR
Naltrexone: opioid-receptor antagonist, used for treatment of addiction
Bupropion: dopamine and norepinephrine reputable inhibitor, used for treatment of depression and smoking cessation
Improved food cravings
AEs are nausea, constipation, diarrhea, HA, vomiting
Contraindication include uncontrolled HTN, seizure disorders, chronic opioid pain medication user, MAO-inhibitor use
Liraglutide
Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist
Approved for DM treat
Injectable administration, subcutaneous
Reduction in prediabetes
AEs are nausea and GI complaints, hypoglycemia
Not to be used in women with history of medullary thyroid carcinoma, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, acute pancreatitis
Indication for pharmacological intervention for weight loss
Adjunct to behavior counseling and
BMI>30
BMI>27 with at least one obesity-related comorbidity (DM, HTN, hyperlipidemia)
Indication for bariatric surgery
BMI>40
BMI>35 with at least one obesity-related comorbidity
And have failed conservative treatment
Cause and effect of estrogen drop effect on skin during menopause
Cause:
Decreased fibroblast activity/collagen loss
Effect:
Lines and wrinkles, volume loss
Cause and effect of estrogen drop effect on skin during menopause
Cause:
Disrupted elastin
Effect:
Skin less elastic, “stretched out rubber band”
Cause and effect of estrogen drop effect on skin during menopause
Cause:
decreased GAG production
Effect:
Skin less hydrated and plump, “grape to raisin”
Cause and effect of estrogen drop effect on skin during menopause
Cause:
Disruption of melanocyte regulation
Effect:
Blotchiness and dyschromia on sun-exposed areas
Cause and effect of estrogen drop effect on skin during menopause
Cause:
Decreased blood flow and cellular oxygenation effects on keratinocytes
Effect:
Epidermal thinning, easy bruising, increased visibility of veins and bony landmarks
Cause and effect of estrogen drop effect on skin during menopause
Cause:
Disruption of cellular growth factor and repair enzymes
Effect:
Increased skin fragility and impaired wound healing
