Ch2 Earth surface

Question 1

What is an earthquake?

Answer 1

Sudden vibrations or tremors in the earths surface

Question 2

Crust

Answer 2

Outside layer. solid rock. o

Question 3

mantle

Answer 3

under the crust. molten or semi molten rock called magma.

Question 4

how is magma moved?

Answer 4

Currents

Question 5

Core

Answer 5

centre of the earth. split into inner and outer. hottest part of the earth

Question 6

Convection currents

Answer 6

magma is heated and rises towards the crust. as it rises it cools and moves sideways, causing friction between plates pulling them. cools and sinks back. constantly repeated.

Question 7

Destructive plates

Answer 7

collide. destroys crust

Question 8

subduction

Answer 8

heavier plate is pushed under lighter plate.

Question 9

what do destructive plates cause?

Answer 9

Fold mountains, earthquakes, volcanoes

Question 10

constructive plates

Answer 10

plates separate. crust created.

Question 11

What is sea floor spreading?

Answer 11

when plates separate, a gap is formed on the surface. magma from the mantle rises to fill the gap. it then cools and hardens

Question 12

passive plates

Answer 12

sliding past each other. crust is not destroyed nor created. lock together and release huge amounts of energy.

Question 13

what do sliding plates form?

Answer 13

earthquakes and fault lines.

Question 14

what is a vent?

Answer 14

a narrow tube in the earths surface

Question 15

what is magma called when it reached the surface?

Answer 15

Lava

Question 16

what is an ash cloud

Answer 16

lava hot ash and rock are thrown into the air

Question 17

what is a crater?

Answer 17

opening at the top of a volcano

Question 18

active volcano

Answer 18

erupts regularly

Question 19

dormant volcano

Answer 19

hasn’t erupted in a long time but can again

Question 20

extinct volcano

Answer 20

will not erupt again

Question 21

positives of volcanos

Answer 21

tourism. geothermal energy. gives nutrients to soil

Question 22

negatives

Answer 22

loss of life, lahars

Question 23

focus

Answer 23

directly below epicentre. underground

Question 24

epicentre

Answer 24

point of which earthquake is strongest above the surface

Question 25

aftershocks

Answer 25

tremors that occur aftet the initial earthquake

Question 26

example of earthquake

Answer 26

san andreas fault line, california

Question 27

effects of earthquakes

Answer 27

Tsunamis, loss of life, damage to sewers can cause illness, damage to electricity lines can cause fires.

Question 28

shat are fold mountains?

Answer 28

when 2 plates collide with each other due to subduction

Question 29

alpine period

Answer 29

30-35 million years ago

Question 30

Armorican period

Answer 30

250 million years ago

Question 31

Caledonian period

Answer 31

400 million years ago

Question 32

example of alpine mountain

Answer 32

Alps, andes

Question 33

example of Armorican mountain

Answer 33

Macgillicuddy reeks

Question 34

Example of Caledonian mountain

Answer 34

Dublin and Wicklow mountains