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KS4 Biology > Ch.2 Cells > Flashcards

Ch.2 Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Parts of the animal cell

A

Refer to notebook

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2
Q

Parts of plant cell

A

Refer to notebook

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3
Q

Cell parts in common

A

Mitochondria, ribosomes, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

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4
Q

Only in plant cells

A

Chloroplast, vacuole, cell wall

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls cell activities eg cell growth and repair of worn out parts

Contains genetic material

Needed for cell division

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6
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Contains mostly water and dissolved substances eg sugars, proteins and salts

Jelly-like substance between cell membrane and nucleus

Holds all cell parts together

Medium for biochemical reactions

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7
Q

Cell membrane

A

Made of lipids and proteins
Partially permeable
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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8
Q

Mitochondria

A

Converts energy stored in food into usable energy (ATP) through aerobic cellular respiration

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9
Q

Ribosomes

A

Needed to make proteins in the cell

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10
Q

Cell wall

A

Made mainly of cellulose
Protects cell from injury
Gives the plant cell a fixed shape/supports it
Fully permeable, so it cannot control types of substances that enter/leave cell

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11
Q

Vacuole

A

Fluid-filled space enclosed by a membrane
Contains cell sap to help keep the cell turgid. This cell sap includes dissolved substances like sugars, mineral ions and amino acids
The only animal cells with vacuoles are amoeba and paramecium

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12
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis - the process by which plants make food

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13
Q

Bacterial cell

A

Refer to notebook

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14
Q

Animal cell vs plant cell - food reserve

A

Animal - glycogen (stored in liver + muscle in humans)
Plant - starch

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15
Q

Differentiation

A

A cell becomes specialized for a specific function. New cells are produced through the division of existing cells

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16
Q

RBC (red blood cell)

A
  1. Biconcave disc shape
    - Increase surface area, therefore taking in and releasing oxygen more quickly
  2. No nucleus
    - Contains more haemoglobin to transport more oxygen

FUNCTION: Carries oxygen from lungs to body and carbon dioxide from body back to the lungs

17
Q

Ciliated cell

A
  1. Lines the trachea and bronchi
  2. Tiny hair-like structures called cilia

FUNCTION:
1. Respiratory system
- Cilia helps to move mucus and dust-trapped particles up the trachea and bronchi, preventing it from entering the lungs
2. Reproductive system
- Move egg

18
Q

Neurones/nerve cell

A
  1. Long nerve fibre to carry out function
  2. Nerve fibre insulated by fatty materials called myelin sheath - speeds up transmission
  3. Branches at both ends to connect to other neurones

FUNCTION: Transmits (sends and receives) information in the form of electrical impulses

19
Q

Egg cell

A
  1. Large nucleus to carry genetic information
  2. Abundant cytoplasm containing a small amount of yolk, providing nutrients for the early development of the embryo
  3. Outer jelly coat. After the sperm enters, it will thicken to prevent other sperms from entering.

FUNCTION: Carry mother’s DNA/genetic information

20
Q

Sperm cell

A
  1. Long tail to swim towards egg
  2. Head has a nucleus containing genetic information
  3. Numerous mitochondria which releases energy for sperm to actively swim on its own

FUNCTION: Carry dad’s genetic information to egg

21
Q

Root hair cell

A
  1. Long, narrow extension which increases surface area to absorb more water in the soil
  2. Thin cell wall which allows water to pass through easily.
  3. No chloroplasts because it is located underground (no sunlight). Therefore, there is no point to have chloroplasts.

FUNCTION: Absorbs mineral ions and water from the soil.

21
Q

Palisade mesophyll cell

A
  1. Long, cylindrical-shaped - large surface area for exposure to light.
  2. Found near the upper surface (top) of a leaf
  3. PACKED with chloroplasts to absorb as much sunlight as possible for photosynthesis

FUNCTION: Carry out photosynthesis

22
Q

What makes an organism?

A

CT OOO
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

23
Q

Cell definition

A

Simplest units showing the characteristics of life, often dubbed ‘building blocks of life’.

24
Q

Tissue definition

A

Group of cells working together to carry out a specific function

25
Q

Organism definition

A

Multiple organ systems working together to form an organism

26
Q

Magnification formula

A

I AM.

Magnification = Image size/Actual size

27
Q

Micrometre

A

Refer to notebook

28
Q

Mm to micrometer

A

x1000

KS4 Biology (4 decks)

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