Ch2 Flashcards
____ glycolysis uses only glucose or glycogen and begins about 5 sec into high intensity exercise and cont for about 3 min
- doesnt require oxygen
- pfk is the regulation enzyme
- glucose :2ATP and glycogen:3ATP
anaerobic (fast)
enzymes are located in the
cytoplasm
glucose to pyruvic acid to acetal coA with oxygen
aerobic glycolysis (SLOW)
- powerhouse
- acetyl CoA
- krebs cycle
- ETC
- oxidative phosphorylation
mitochondira
mitochondria has bulges of inner membrane called ___ where the density is higher in tissues with higher rates of oxidation (heart)
cristae
step 1 pyruvate converted to acetic acid
step2 acetic acid combine with coenzyme A to form acetyl coA
step3 krebs cycle
steps
- no atp is used
- only 1 atp is produce(step5)
- removal of H+ (steps 3,4,6,8)
- majority of reaction sin mitochondrial matrix
- doesnt use but requires oxygen
krebs cycle
- breakdown of foodstuffs from acetyl coA
- beta oxidation-fatty acids
- ETC
- ATP
oxidative phosphorylation
- final metabolic pathway
- chemical reactions transfer H+ from NADH & FADH
- water is byproduct
electron transport chain
krebs cycle (citric acid cycle, TCA)
completes oxidation of H which carries potential energy
-removed from CHO, fats, proteins
oxidative phosphrylation
H transported to ETC combining ADP +P to ATP
-oxygen availablity: final hydrogen acceptor and forms h20
oxidative phosphorylation
aerobic metabolism of 1 molecule of glucose yields __ atp
36
aerobic metabolism of 1 molecule of glycogen yields __ atp
37
triglycerides are transported bound to albumin and moved from cytoplasm into mitochondria by carnitine and beta oxidation
fat metabolism
cyclic series of steps that breaks off successive pairs of carbon atoms from ffa which are then used to form acetyl coA
beta oxidation-fatty acids
breakdown of lipids
-1 atp required for fats to be activated for b oxidation process and formation of acetyl coA [fats produce much higher amounts of ATP per molecule than glycogen /glucose
beta oxidation
palmitic acid is a 16 C fat yielding __ ATP
106
fats require 15% more oxygen per ATP produced than CHO require and fats cannot metbolize anaerobically occurring in mitochondrial __
matrix
- accumlation of ketones
- alters pH balance
- exercise fuel
ketone bodies
creation of glucose in the liver from glycerol, lactate or pyruvate and alanine is ____
glucogenesis
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen are
amino acids
removes nitrogen and forms glutamate
transmaination
- stimulated by ADP, AMP, PI, ph rise
- inhibited by ATP, CP, citrate, FFa, pH ddrop
glycolysis
- triglycerides provide greatest source of potential energy (2/3)
- CHO (1/3)
- protein (17%)
fuel utilization at rest
1/4 fat and 3/4 CHO
maximal exercise
