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Physiology of Exercise > ch17 > Flashcards

ch17 Flashcards

1
Q

connective tissue surrounding entire muscle

A

epimysium

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2
Q

connective tissue surrounding bundles of muscle fibers (fasciculi, fascicle)

A

perimysium

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3
Q

surrounds individual muscle fibers

A

endomysium

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4
Q

storage sites for calcium and contain terminal cisternae (lateral sacs)

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

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5
Q

inside cytoplasm and contains transverse tubules [carry electrical signal to releasle Ca]

A

sarcoplasm : transverse tubules

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6
Q

thick filaments include __: reactive sites that create crossbridges and have a rodlike tail

A

myosin

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7
Q

___ filaments are actin, tropomyosin, and troponin

A

thin

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8
Q

3 subunits of troponin is

A

tn-C
tn-T
tn-I

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9
Q

troponin subunit that contains Ca binding sites

A

Tn-C

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10
Q

troponin subunit that binds to tropomyosin

A

tn-T

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11
Q

troponin subunit that inhibits binding of actin/myosin during rest

A

tn-I

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12
Q
  1. neuron action potential arrives at end of motor neuron
  2. ach is released
  3. ach binds to receptors on motor end plates
  4. sodium ions rush into muscle fibers
  5. muscle action potentioal sweeps into t tubules
  6. sr releases ca
  7. ca binds to troponin
  8. when ca binds to troponin, causes tropomyosin to shift and expose myosin binding site
  9. myosin binds to actin
  10. myosin pivots, pulling actin filaments
  11. myosin releases form actin
  12. myosin reextends to ready position
A

muscle contraction

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13
Q
  1. force of contrafction is generated by the process that slides the actin filament over the myosin filament
  2. lengths of the thick and thin filaments do not change during muscle contraction
  3. length of the sarcomere decreases as the actin filaments slide over myosin filaments and pull the z discs toward the center of the sarcomere
A

sliding filament theory basic principles

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14
Q
  • 2 z lines
  • I band =actin filaments achored to z lines
  • A band=myosin filaments with some actin overlapped
  • H zone has no actin present
A

sarcomere at REST

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15
Q
  • actin filaments slide over myosin Filaments
  • z lines pulled towards center
  • I band shortens
  • A band length doesnt change
  • H zone disappears
  • neither filament changes in length
A

sarcomere CONTRACTED

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16
Q

ATP is required for muscle contraction and the myosin ATPase is located on ___ of myosin crossbridge. breakdown of ATP releases energy for movement of crossbridge

A

head

17
Q

sources of ATP include : ___,___,and ___

A

phosphagens, glycolysis

, oxidative phosphorylation

18
Q
  • rest
  • spread of depolarization
  • binding of calcium to troponin
  • generation of force
A

Phases of ECC

19
Q

crossbridge of myosin heads extend toward actin , ATP molecule is bound to crossbridge and tropomyosin blocks active sites on actin molecule during ___

A

rest phase of ECC

20
Q
  1. action potential - nerve junction, ACh cross NM junction, receptors to sarcolemma and t-tubles to SR
  2. Calcium release to lateral sacs
A

phase 1 of ECC

21
Q

calcium binds to Tn-C

  • positional change
  • active sites uncovered
A

phase 2 of ECC

22
Q

-crossbridge cycling generates force, filaments slide past, and z lines drawn together

A

phase 3 of ECC

23
Q
  1. cross bridge formation
  2. powerstroke myosin head swivel
    3.separation of myosin and actin
    when atp binds to myosin
    4.activation of myosin heads when breakdown of ATP
A

crossbridge cycling

24
Q

long thin protein in actin filament is known as

A

tropomyosin

25
Q

end of the myosin cross bridge is known as

A

myosin head

26
Q
  1. rest
  2. excitation coupling
  3. contraction
  4. recharging
A

phases of muscle contraction

27
Q

distance between 2 z lines is called

A

sarcomere

28
Q

length of the i band during contraction ____

A

shortens

29
Q

motor nerve impulse
ach released
sarcolemma stimulated

A

3,1,2

30
Q

actomyosin crossbridge formation, ATPase action, powerstroke

A

2,1,3

31
Q

cisternae stimulated
calcium travels to actin
atp and calcium attracted

A

1,3,2

32
Q

within sarcomere ,thick filaments runs the entire length of the a band and the a band is interrupted in the mid section by the h zone where there is no overlap of thick/thin filaments

A

true

33
Q

troponin inhibits myosin from binding
motor nerve impulse
actomyosin formed

A

2,3,1

34
Q

actomyosin formed
ATPase
crossbridge powerstroke swivel

A

sliding filament theory

35
Q

crossbridge swivels,
motor nerve impulses cease
cacium pumped back into terminal cisternae

A

true

36
Q

ATPase
breakdown ATP
release 12kcals

A

true

Physiology of Exercise (5 decks)

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