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RT exam 3 > CH19 Radiographici FIlm > Flashcards

CH19 Radiographici FIlm Flashcards

1
Q

Basic radiographic film components:

A

Base and Emulsion Gelatin

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2
Q

Base

A

made of a blue tint dye and polyester. Coated with emulsion gelatin

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3
Q

Base requirements:

A

1) Good film contact 2) Flexible 3) Stable 4) Rigid 5) Uniform Lucent

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4
Q

Emulsion Coating contains:

A

Photosensitive silver halide crystals Bromides/Iodide/Chlorine

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5
Q

Uniform Lucent

A

Permits light to pass through with the use of light box.

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6
Q

Purpose of blue dye tint?

A

reduces eye strain and enhances contrast

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7
Q

Duplitized

A

Double coating of emulsion on each side

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8
Q

Duplicating film

A

copy of film, single emulsion

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9
Q

Supercoat

A

surrounds emulsion, layer of hard protective gelatin.

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10
Q

Supercoat prevents:

A

soft emulsions from from being physically or chemically abused. Damage can only occur through use of staples, paper clips, or guide shoes.

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11
Q

Panchromatic

A

Sensitive to all wavelengths.

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12
Q

Orthochromatic

A

Not sensitive to red.

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13
Q

Cube lattice:

A

Form in which silver halide crystals exist.

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14
Q

Sensitivity Peak

A

made of gold or silver, acts as an electrode to attract free silver ions (CUBE LATTICE/Crystals)

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15
Q

Direct of non-screen exposure

A

Enclosed in cardboard, w/o screens, use when need detail.

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16
Q

Single emulsion

A

Extremely fine grains, greater silver content, thicker emulsion layer, loaded face up.

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17
Q

Emulsion side appears:

A

Dull

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18
Q

Non emulsion side apears:

A

shiny

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19
Q

Film is sensitive to:

A

Age, heat, humidity, light, radiation, handling

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20
Q

Film should be stored at:

A

20 deg C (68F), 60-70F

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21
Q

Film constantly absorbes:

A

Photons of both heat and light

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22
Q

When storing film:

A

it should be on end (upright) in a cool dry place.

23
Q

Intensifying Screens:

A

Used to amplify the incoming xray beam

24
Q

Benefits of an intensifying screen:

A

Reducing radiation dose to the patients, produced large quantities of light photons.

25
Q

Contruction of intensifying screen:

A

Base, Reflective layer, Phosphor layer, Protective coat, mounted in pairs.

26
Q

Base made of:

A

Polyester

27
Q

Reflective layer

A

base material not transparent, creates latent image, reflects towards film

28
Q

Phosphor layer

A

Active layer of screen, absorbes light.

29
Q

Protective coat

A

protects phosphor layer from abrasions and stains

30
Q

Phosphor requirements

A

High atomic number, conversion efficiency, sepctral emission/spectral matching, Luminescence, phosphorenscence.

31
Q

High phosphor atomic number allows

A

increased probability of an incident photon interaction

32
Q

Conversion efficiency means

A

the ability of the phosphors to emit as much light as possible

33
Q

Spectral emission

A

precise wavelength emitted

34
Q

Luminescence

A

ability of material to emit light in response to excitation

35
Q

Phosphorenscence

A

Continued emission of light by a phosphor after the exposure has ended.

36
Q

Screen should be replaced how often?

A

Every 5-7 years

37
Q

Types of phosphors

A

Zinc sulfide, Barium lead sulfate, *Calcium Tungstate (CaWO4)

38
Q

Hybrid rare earth screens provide

A

greater absorbtion, atomic number 51-71, known as rare earth because of it’s difficulty to isolate

39
Q

Hybrid rare earth screens can be made of either:

A

Gadolinium, Lanthanum, Yttrium

40
Q

Quantum Mottle

A

Uneven density, insuffiecient amount of x-rays. More common in high speed film and digital.

41
Q

Screen characteristics

A

Same as film 1)Resolution 2)Speed 3)Contrast 4)Lattitude(not error latitude)

42
Q

Screen resolution is

A

the ability to produce an accurate image.

43
Q

Screen resolution is controlled by

A

1)size of crystals 2)thickness of the layer 3)Concentration of crystals

44
Q

Smaller Crystal results in

A

Thinner layer, many more crystals, slower speed, more exposure, and more detail.

45
Q

Larger Crystals results in:

A

Thickness layer is larger, less crystals, faster speeds, less exposure, less detail.

46
Q

Speed

A

is determined by the same factors that effect resolution.

47
Q

Higher kVp does what to speed?

A

Increases speed.

48
Q

Temperature increase will have what effect on speed?

A

The speed will slow down.

49
Q

Screen speed characteristics

A

1)Intensification factors 2)Descriptive factors 3)Relative (Speed # ex. RS100 RS200)

50
Q

Spectral matching

A

Film and screens respond to certain wavelengths, that must match spectrally.

51
Q

Rare earth color is

A

green

52
Q

Calcium Tungstate color is

A

purple

53
Q

Cassettes purpose is

A

to create a portable, light proof case for the film.

54
Q

Cassette requirements are:

A

1) Rigid 2) Radiolucent 3)Lead->to absorb backscatter

RT exam 3 (10 decks)

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