Ch18: Hip Joint Flashcards
The lower extremity includes the
Pelvis, Thigh, Leg, and Foot
Bones of the Pelvis
The two innominate bones (hip bones), the sacrum, and the coccyx.
The innominate bone consists of…
Three bones (ilium, ischium, and pubis) fused together.
The thigh contains the…
Femur and the Patella.
The leg includes the…
Tibia and Fibula, and the foot includes seven tarsal bones, five metatarsals, and 14 phalanges.
The Hip Joint
The most proximal of the lower extremity joints. It is very important in weight-bearing and walking activities
-Ball-and-Socket Joint
The rounded, or convex-shaped, femoral head fits into and articulates with the concave-shaped acetabulum
Action of the Hip Joint
Convex-on-Concave
The convex femoral head slides in the direction opposite the movement of the thigh.
-Very stable joint and therefore sacrifices some range of motion. Conversely, the shoulder, which allows a great deal of motion, is not as stable.
Flexion, extension, and hyperextension of the Hip
Occur in the sagittal plane, with approximately 120 degrees of flexion and 15 degrees of hyperextension. (Extension is the return from flexion)
Abduction and Adduction of the Hip
Occur in the frontal plane, with about 45 degrees of abduction. Adduction is usually thought of as the return to anatomical position, although there is approximately an additional 25 degrees of motion possible beyond the anatomical position.
Medial and Lateral Rotations of the Hip
Occur in the transverse plane, (sometimes referred to as internal and external rotation, respectively) There are approximately 45 degrees of rotation possible in each direction from the anatomical position.
Bones of the Lower Extremities
Anterior View
Region: Pelvis (Bones of the Lower. Extremity)
Bones:
- Innominate (ilium, ischium, pubis)
- Sacrum
- Coccyx
Region: Thigh (Bones of the Lower. Extremity)
Bones:
Femur
Individual Bones:
Patella
Region: Leg (Bones of the Lower. Extremity)
Bones:
- Tibia
- Fibula
Region: Foot (Bones of the Lower. Extremity)
Bones:
- Tarsals (7): Calcaneus, Talus, Cubooid, Navicular cuneiform (3)
- Metatarsals (5): First through fifth
- Phalanges (14): Proximal (5), Middle (4), Distal (5)
Motions of the Hip
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Hip Joint Motions End Feel
The end feel of all hip joint motions, except flexion, is firm because of tension in the capsule, ligaments, and muscles. For hip flexion, the end feel is soft because of contact between the anterior thigh and the abdomen.
Open-Packed Position of the Hip
When it is in 30 degrees of flexion, 30 degrees of abduction, and a small degree of lateral rotation. This is the position where maximal joint surface movement is possible.
When the accessory motions of the femoral head are limited…
A mobilizing force that moves the head of the femur into the direction of restriction can help restore motion. (ex. a posterior glide of the head of the femur will promote stretching of the posterior capsule and increased flexion and medial rotation, whereas an anterior glide will stretch the anterior capsule and increase extension and lateral rotation)
Connection of the Pelvic Girdle
The two innominate bones are connected to each other anteriorly and to the sacrum posteriorly. The sacrum is also connected distally to the coccyx. These four bones (the two innominate bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx)
The hip joint is made up of the…
Innominate Bone and Femur
Arthrokinematic motion at hip joint
Convex joint surface moves in opposite direction of the femur during hip abduction/adduction.
Bones of the Pelvis
Anterior View
Ilium
Fan-shaped and makes up the superior portion of the innominate bone