Ch17

Question 1

Umbilical vein

Answer 1

Carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus

Question 2

Ductus venosus

Answer 2

Allows the majority of umbilical vein blood to bypass the liver & merge with blood entering the inferior vena cava.

Question 3

foramen ovale

Answer 3

Allows >50% of blood to cross from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing pulmonary circulation.

Question 4

ductus arteriousus

Answer 4

Connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the pulmonary circui

Question 5

newborn heart rate

Answer 5

Should be at least 100bpm immediately after birth, then stabilize at 120-160bpm

Normal for newborn to have transient murmur–> when foramen ovale still hasn’t fully closed yet. Document and monitor

Question 6

Benefits of delayed cord clamping

Answer 6

Improve cardiopulmonary adaptation
Anemia prevention
Increased BP
Improved oxygen transport & RBC flow

Question 7

Hemoglobin

Answer 7

17-23 gm/dL

Decreased hemoglobin originally bc they lose some of their plasma, but it isn’t a trued decrease. They have a larger number of large rbc’s but fewer in numbers

Question 8

Hematocrit

Answer 8

46-68%

Question 9

Platelets

Answer 9

100,000-350,000/uL

Question 10

RBC

Answer 10

4.5-7.0

Question 11

WBC

Answer 11

10-30,000

Elevated WBC thought to be trauma of birth

Question 12

Newborn respirations

Answer 12

30-60 breaths/minute; irregular, shallow, unlabored; short periods of apnea (

Question 13

Respiratory distress

Answer 13

nasal flaring
intercoastal or subcostal retractions
grunting

Question 14

conduction

Answer 14

The transfer of heat from object to object when the two objects are in direct contact with each other.

Question 15

convection

Answer 15

The flow of heat from the body surface to cooler surrounding air, or to air circulating over a body surface.

Question 16

Evaporation

Answer 16

loss of heat when a liquid is converted to a vapor. Insensible-individual is unaware (from skin & respiration). Sensible – individual is objective & individual may be aware (perspiration).

Question 17

radiation

Answer 17

loss of body heat to cooler, solid surfaces in close proximity, but not in direct contact with the newborn.

Question 18

Formula fed newborn stool

Answer 18

yellow, yellow-green, loose, pasty, or formed, unpleasant odor

Question 19

breast fed newborn stool

Answer 19

Yellow-gold, loose, stringy to pasty, sour-smelling

Question 20

newborn stools

Answer 20

meconium, transitional stool, milk stool

Question 21

transitional stool

Answer 21

Seedy greenish-brown stool

Question 22

Newborn primarily dependent on 3 immunoglobulins:

Answer 22

IgG: 80% of all circulating antibodies, in serum & interstitial fluid, crosses placenta. Fights bacteria, bacterial toxins, & viruses.

IgA: 2nd most abundant immunoglobulin in the serum. Thought to protect mucous membranes from viruses & bacteria. IgA primarily found in GI & respiratory tracts, tears, saliva, colostrum & breast milk.

IgM: In blood & lymph fluid. 1st responder to infection. Protects from blood-borne infections.

Question 23

neurologic system adaptations

Answer 23

Development follows cephalocaudal and proximal–distal patterns

Question 24

Newborn Sensory Capabilities

Answer 24

Vision: ability to focus on objects only in close proximity (7-12 inches away); tracks objects in midline or beyond (90 inches); this is the least mature sense at birth.

Question 25

Period of decreased responsiveness

Answer 25

30 min. to 120 min. of age

Sleep or decreased activity

Question 26

First period of reactivity

Answer 26

Newborn is alert & moving & may appear hungry

Respirations & Heart rate are elevated

Question 27

Second period of reactivity

Answer 27

Lasts 2-8 hours.
Newborn shows interest in environmental stimuli.
Heart & respiratory rates increase.
Peristalsis increases. Meconium may be passed.
Interaction between mother & newborn is encouraged.