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Women's Health > Ch10 > Flashcards

Ch10 Flashcards

1
Q

Fetal Development length

A

Measured in NUMBER OF WEEKS after fertilization

Pregnancy is 40 WEEKS from the time of fertilization (equates to 9 months / approximately 266 calendar days)

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2
Q

Fetal development stages

A 
Preembryonic Stage (fertilization – 2nd week)
Embryonic Stage  (end of 2nd week – the 8th week)
Fetal Stage  (end of the 8th week – until birth)
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3
Q

Preembryonic Stage of Development

A 
Begins with fertilization (also called conception).  This occurs with the union of the sperm and ovum & takes place in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
Lasts through the 2nd week
Fertilization; cleavage; morula
Blastocyst and trophoblast 
Implantation
Human Development
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4
Q

Cleavage

A

(Cell division) occurs as the zygote is transported toward the uterine cavity via muscular movements

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5
Q

Morula

A

after 4 cleavages, a 16-cell ball of cells is present (morula)
It reaches the uterine cavity 72 hours after fertilization
cell division continues within the morula, resulting in specialized cells that later form fetal structures

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6
Q

Blastocyst

A

develops from dividing morula and is a hollow ball of cells (inner cell mass and trophoblast) implants into the uterus

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7
Q

Inner cell mass

A

will form the embryo and amnion

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8
Q

Trophoblast

A

outer layer of cells of blastocyst, that will eventually develop into the chorion and helps form the placenta

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9
Q

Embryonic Layers(Primary Germ Layers)

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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10
Q

Ectoderm

A 
Central nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Special senses
Glands
Hair & nails
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11
Q

Mesoderm

A 
Skeletal (bones & teeth)
Skeletal muscles
Urinary organs
Circulatory organs
Reproductive organs
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12
Q

Endoderm

A

Respiratory system
Liver
Pancreas
Digestive system

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13
Q

Embryonic Stage

A

End of 2nd week through the 8th week.
Basic structures of major body organs and main external features are formed
chorion, amnion, amniotic sac

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14
Q

Chorion

A

Made up of trophoblast cells & a mesodermal lining. Fingerlike projections called CHORIONIC VILLI are on its surface

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15
Q

Amnion

A

Originates from the ectoderm & is the thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo, and containing the amniotic fluid

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16
Q

Amniotic Sac

A

Made up of the chorion & amnion. Often referred to as the bag of waters

17
Q

Role of amniotic fluid

A

Helps maintain a constant body temperature for the fetus
Permits symmetric growth and development
Cushions the fetus from trauma
Allows the umbilical cord to be relatively free of compression
Promotes fetal movement to enhance musculoskeletal development

18
Q

Hydramnios

A

Too much amniotic fluid. Associated with maternal diabetes, neural tube defects, chromosomal deviations, malformations of the CNS and or GI tract

19
Q

Oligohydramnios

A

Too little amniotic fluid. Associated with uteroplacental insufficiency & fetal renal abnormalities.

20
Q

Umbilical cord

A

Formed from the amnion
Lifeline from the mother to the growing embryo
One large vein and two small arteries
Wharton’s jelly surrounding the vein and arteries to prevent compression
At term, the average umbilical cord is 22 inches long and about 1 inch in width

21
Q

Placenta

A

Serves as the interface (pass thorough) between the mother and fetus
Induces the mother to bring more food to the placenta
Protects the fetus from immune attack by the mother
Removes waste products from the fetus
Produces hormones that mature the fetal organs

22
Q

Hormones made by placenta

A 
hCG, 
hPL, 
Estrogen
Progesterone
Relaxin
23
Q

Fetal Stage

A

End of the 8th week until birth

Period of dramatic growth & refinement of all organ systems

24
Q

Fetal circulation

A

Blood from the placenta to and through the fetus and then back to placenta

25
Q

ductus venosus

A

connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, allows oxygenated blood to bypass the liver

26
Q

ductus arteriosus

A

connects the main pulmonary artery to the aorta, allows oxygenated blood to bypass the lungs

27
Q

foramen ovale

A

anatomic opening between the right and left atrium

Women's Health (10 decks)

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