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Paatient Care Final > Ch.15 Vital Signs > Flashcards

Ch.15 Vital Signs Flashcards

1
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

constancy in the internal environment of the body naturally maintained by adaptive responses that promote healthy survival

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2
Q

What are mechanisms of homeostasis?

A

temperature, electrolytes, respiration rate, blood pressure, pulse, mental alertness

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3
Q

What is body temperature?

A

measurement of the degree of heat of the deep tissues of the human body

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4
Q

What is a normal body temperature?

A

98.6F with a 1-2 degree difference

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5
Q

What types of thermometers are available?

A

digital, mercury, tempanic, temporal

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6
Q

Where can thermometers be placed to measure temperature?

A

orally, tempanic (ear), temporal (forehead), rectally, axillary

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7
Q

What is the most used form of measuring temperature?

A

temporal

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8
Q

What is the most accurate temperature reading received?

A

Rectally

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9
Q

What are the ranges of temperature based on where the reading was taken?

A 
oral- 98.6 
tempanic- 97.6
temporal- 100
rectal- 99.6
axillary- 97.6
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10
Q

What is febrile?

A

having a fever

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11
Q

What is Hyperthermia?

A

abnormally high body temperature

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12
Q

How long does a thermometer need to stay in place to get a reading?

A

20 seconds to 3 minutes

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13
Q

What is Hypothermia?

A

abnormally low body temperature

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14
Q

What are common symptoms of hyperthermia?

A

confusion, dizziness, comatose

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15
Q

Why is hypothermia used medically?

A

To decrease the bodies metabolic demands and thereby decreasing the demand on the cardiovascular system during heart surgery

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16
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during one respiratory cycle

17
Q

What is a normal respiratory rate for adults?

A

12-20 per minute

18
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for children under 10?

A

20-30 breaths/minute

19
Q

What is the normal respiration rate for newborns?

A

30-60 breaths/minute

20
Q

What is orthopnea?

A

Difficulty breathing while laying down

21
Q

What is a pulse pound?

A

when the left ventrical contracts and pushes blood out

22
Q

What is auscultation?

A

use of a stethescope to hear beats

23
Q

What is a normal pulse for adults?

A

60-100 beats per minute

24
Q

What is the normal pulse for children?

A

70-120 beats per minute

25
Q

What is a pulse oximeter?

A

it is used to continuously measure pulse with a light emitting probe placed on ann earlobe, forhead and most commonly the first digit

26
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

Pulse over 100 beats/minute caused by exercise, fever, nerves, CHF, anemia, hypoxia

27
Q

What is bradycardia?

A

pulse under 60 beats/minute caused by pain, hypothermia, being fit, medications, sedatives

28
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

When the heart is at its peak pressure and is contracted- ejection phase-first sound heard

29
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

Heart at rest-relaxed- complete filling-when sound is no longer heard

30
Q

What is used to measure blood pressure?

A

Sphygmomanometer and stethescope

31
Q

What is the proper placement of the blood pressure cuff?

A

over brachial artery 1/2 way between the shoulder and elbow

32
Q

What is a Korotkof sound?

A

turbulent blood flow

33
Q

How is blood pressure recorded?

A

millimeters per mercury- mmHg

34
Q

What is normal blood pressure?

A

120/80mmHg

35
Q

What is a hypertensive blood pressure?

A

140/90mmHg-silent killer

36
Q

What is a hypotensive blood pressure?

A

95/60mmHg-low blood pressure

Paatient Care Final (11 decks)

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