CH.15

Question 1

What is the ANS?

Answer 1

A system of MOTOR NEURONS that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Question 2

The ANS is able to do what that the somatic motor system cant?

Answer 2

Activate and inhibit contraction

Question 3

What happens in the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 3

Increase body functions that support physical activity.
Decreased functions of the digestive and urinary function
responds to stress, physical and emotional

Question 4

What happens in the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 4

Prepares the body for energy storage
Conserves and restores body energy
decreases function that support physical activity
increases digestive and urinary function

Question 5

How long are the post and pre-ganglionic neurons in the para and sympathetics nervous systems?

Answer 5

Sympathetic= Short preganglionic and long post
Para= Long pre and short post

Question 6

Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems live?

Answer 6

Sympathetic preganglionic= Lateral horn of spinal cord (Thoracic cavity T1-L2)
Parasympathetic= Cranial nerves/sacral nerves

Question 7

Where do the postganglionic neurons live?

Answer 7

For both sympathetic and parasympathetic they live in the PNS somewhere

Question 8

What do we call parasympathetic ganglia and why?

Answer 8

Terminal ganglia because they are close to the site of termination AKA at the wall or close to the effector organ.

Question 9

How many cranial nerves are involved in the parasympathetic system?

Answer 9

FOUR
CNIII- OCULOMOTOR
CNVII- FACIAL 
CNIX- GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL
CNX- VAGUS

Question 10

What is the parasympathetic function of CNIII?

Answer 10

OCULOMOTOR

-Constricts the pupil

Question 11

What is the parasympathetic function of CNVII?

Answer 11

FAcial nerve

• Lacrima gland- produces tears to wash the eyeball
• submandibular and sublingual glands- salivary glands for digestion

Question 12

What is the parasympathetic function of CNIX?

Answer 12

Glossopharyngeal

-Parotid gland- salivary gland by the ear

Question 13

What is the parasympathetic function of CNX?

Answer 13

Vagus

-Innervates all of the thoracic visceral organs and the top 2/3 of the abdominal organs.

Question 14

What is the parasympathetic function of the sacral region?

Answer 14

Innervate the lower 1/3 of the organs

• rectum
• sigmiod colon
• genitals for men and women

Question 15

What do we call Sympathetic ganglia and why?

Answer 15

Paravertebral- located in vertical rows next to the vertebral column
Prevertebral- located anterior to the vertebral column on the abdominal aorta. not in rows. plastered on.
Close to the spinal cord which why post ganglionic axons are long

Question 16

What are Chromaffin cells?

Answer 16

cells that live in the adrenal medulla above the kidney

• they are neurons that don’t have processes and act as endocrine cells
• act as postganglionic neurons

Question 17

When Chromaffin cells are activated, what do they secrete and where does it go?

Answer 17

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

gets dumped into nearby capillaries that will then travel in the blood.

Question 18

What is a specialized sympathetic ganglion?

Answer 18

The adrenal medulla

Question 19

What is another name for epinephrine?

Answer 19

Adrenaline

Question 20

What is Autonomic tone?

Answer 20

The balancing act between the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous systems

Question 21

What places do not have autonomic tone?

Answer 21

The skin- only has sympathetic innervation.

Question 22

What is tachycardia?

Answer 22

Resting heart rate over 100, bad

Question 23

What is bradycardia?

Answer 23

Resting heart rate below 60, not necessarily bad

Question 24

The nerves of the heart do what?

Answer 24

They do no produce a heart beat, they simply regulate the bpm of the heart.

Question 25

What is intrinsic heart rate?

Answer 25

100-110 bpm

The amount of beats per minute a heart does without any nervous innervation

Question 26

Describe what happens in the heart when i want to go from resting to a sprint?

Answer 26

The heart begins with a high vagal tone.
The vagus nerve then starts to release less ACh onto the cardiac myocytes to allow the heart to reach it’s own intrinsic rate.
Then the sympathetic nerves take over and start releasing more ACh so that that post ganglinic nerves innervating the heart can being to release norepinephrine to allow for a faster heartbeat.