CH.15 Flashcards
What is the ANS?
A system of MOTOR NEURONS that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
The ANS is able to do what that the somatic motor system cant?
Activate and inhibit contraction
What happens in the sympathetic nervous system?
Increase body functions that support physical activity.
Decreased functions of the digestive and urinary function
responds to stress, physical and emotional
What happens in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Prepares the body for energy storage
Conserves and restores body energy
decreases function that support physical activity
increases digestive and urinary function
How long are the post and pre-ganglionic neurons in the para and sympathetics nervous systems?
Sympathetic= Short preganglionic and long post Para= Long pre and short post
Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems live?
Sympathetic preganglionic= Lateral horn of spinal cord (Thoracic cavity T1-L2)
Parasympathetic= Cranial nerves/sacral nerves
Where do the postganglionic neurons live?
For both sympathetic and parasympathetic they live in the PNS somewhere
What do we call parasympathetic ganglia and why?
Terminal ganglia because they are close to the site of termination AKA at the wall or close to the effector organ.
How many cranial nerves are involved in the parasympathetic system?
FOUR CNIII- OCULOMOTOR CNVII- FACIAL CNIX- GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL CNX- VAGUS
What is the parasympathetic function of CNIII?
OCULOMOTOR
-Constricts the pupil
What is the parasympathetic function of CNVII?
FAcial nerve
- Lacrima gland- produces tears to wash the eyeball
- submandibular and sublingual glands- salivary glands for digestion
What is the parasympathetic function of CNIX?
Glossopharyngeal
-Parotid gland- salivary gland by the ear
What is the parasympathetic function of CNX?
Vagus
-Innervates all of the thoracic visceral organs and the top 2/3 of the abdominal organs.
What is the parasympathetic function of the sacral region?
Innervate the lower 1/3 of the organs
- rectum
- sigmiod colon
- genitals for men and women
What do we call Sympathetic ganglia and why?
Paravertebral- located in vertical rows next to the vertebral column
Prevertebral- located anterior to the vertebral column on the abdominal aorta. not in rows. plastered on.
Close to the spinal cord which why post ganglionic axons are long
What are Chromaffin cells?
cells that live in the adrenal medulla above the kidney
- they are neurons that don’t have processes and act as endocrine cells
- act as postganglionic neurons
When Chromaffin cells are activated, what do they secrete and where does it go?
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
gets dumped into nearby capillaries that will then travel in the blood.
What is a specialized sympathetic ganglion?
The adrenal medulla
What is another name for epinephrine?
Adrenaline
What is Autonomic tone?
The balancing act between the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous systems
What places do not have autonomic tone?
The skin- only has sympathetic innervation.
What is tachycardia?
Resting heart rate over 100, bad
What is bradycardia?
Resting heart rate below 60, not necessarily bad
The nerves of the heart do what?
They do no produce a heart beat, they simply regulate the bpm of the heart.
What is intrinsic heart rate?
100-110 bpm
The amount of beats per minute a heart does without any nervous innervation
Describe what happens in the heart when i want to go from resting to a sprint?
The heart begins with a high vagal tone.
The vagus nerve then starts to release less ACh onto the cardiac myocytes to allow the heart to reach it’s own intrinsic rate.
Then the sympathetic nerves take over and start releasing more ACh so that that post ganglinic nerves innervating the heart can being to release norepinephrine to allow for a faster heartbeat.
