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APK 2100 EXAM 3 > CH. 14 > Flashcards

CH. 14 Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves do we have?

A

12 pairs, 24 total

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2
Q

The dots in the olfactory buld represent what?

A

The cross sections of CNI.
Olfactory bulb is NOT CNI.
SEVERED WHEN BRAIN IS TAKEN OUT

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3
Q

Which cranial nerve comes off of the dorsal aspect of the brain stem?

A

CNIV

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4
Q

CNI

A

OLFACTORY NERVE

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5
Q

CN2

A

OPTIC NERVE

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6
Q

CNIII

A

OCULOMOTOR NERVE

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7
Q

CNIV

A

TROCHLEAR NERVE

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8
Q

CNV

A

TRIGEMINAL NERVE

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9
Q

CNVI

A

ABDUCENS NERVE

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10
Q

CNVII

A

FACIAL NERVE

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11
Q

CNVIII

A

VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE

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12
Q

CNIX

A

GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE

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13
Q

CNX

A

VAGUS NERVE

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14
Q

CNXI

A

ACCESSORY NERVE

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15
Q

CNXII

A

HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE

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16
Q

Why is CNI not a common nerve structure?

A

It is not ensheathed by CT tissue.

Just a collection of axons running up the nasal cavity and synapsing with neurons on the olfactory bulb

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17
Q

What is the sensory function, origin and pathway of CNI?

A

Olfactory
Sensory Function: special visceral sensory, sense of smell
Origin: Olfactory receptor cells (BIPOLAR NEURONS–RARE) in the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity
Pathway: it travels through the cribiform foramina of the ethmoid bone to synapse in the olfactory bulb. Fibers of the olfactory bulb neurons then extend posteriorly beneath the frontal lobe as the olfactory tract. They terminate in the primary olfactory cortex of the cerebrum.

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18
Q

Sensory function and origin of CNII?

A

Optic nerve
Sensory function: special somatic sensory; vision
Origin: Retina of the eye
Pathway: comes back to the optic chiasm and those axons continue as the optic tract

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19
Q

Somatic motor function and visceral motor function and what branch of the ANS for CNIII.

A

Oculomotor Nerve
Somatic motor function: innervates the muscles that Direct the eyeball–>superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique muscle. Also innervates the levator palpebrae superioris muscle.
Visceral motor function (PARASYM): constrictor muscles of the iris to constrict the pupil and ciliary muscle controls lens shape.

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20
Q

WHAT IS LR6 SO4

A

Lateral rectus muscle is controlled by CNVI and Superior oblique is controlled by CNIV

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21
Q

what is the smalled cranial nerve

A

Trochlear nerve (CNIV)

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22
Q

What is the somatic motor function of CNIV?

A

Trochlear nerve

Somatic motor function: superior oblique muscle which passes through the trochela (pulley)

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23
Q

What are the branches, somatic motor function and sensory function of CNV

A

TRIGEMINAL NERVE–mixed nerve
Branches: opthalmic, maxillary, mandibular (innervates the muscles of mastication)
Somatic motor function: mastication
Somatic sensory: facial sensation like pain, temp, touch, pressure.

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24
Q

What is the somatic motor function of CNVI?

A

Abducens Nerve

Somatic motor function: innervate the lateral rectus (ABDUCTS THE EYEBALL) muscle LR6

25
Q

What is the somatic motor function, special sensory function, and parasympathetic innervation of CNVII?

A

FACIAL NERVE–mixed nerve
Somatic motor: facial muscles used for eating, communication.
Sensory function: taste on the anterior 2/3 of tongue
Parasympathetic innervation: sublingual, submandibular lacrimal gland.

26
Q

What is the sensory function of CNVIII?

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve
Sensory function: vestibular branch-special somatic sensory, equilibrium
cochlear branch-special somatic sensory, hearing

27
Q

What is the somatic motor and somatic sensory function of CNIX

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve
Somatic Motor: helps with swallowing. innervates the pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the bit of tongue muscles that help with swallowing
Somatic sensory: posterior 1/3 of tongue that dips into the pharynx. taste information.

28
Q

Which cranial nerve has axons that leave the head or neck?

A

Vagus CNX

29
Q

What is the somatic motor function and somatic sensory of CNX?

A

Vagus
Somatic Motor: swallowing and vocalization
Somatic sensory: taste on the epiglottis

30
Q

What is the pathway and somatic motor function of CNXI?

A

Accessory nerve
Pathway: starts from the rootlets in the cervical region of the spine and they gather together and they come up alongside the medulla oblongata and they pass the foramen magnum and then they make a u-turn and come right back out the jugular foramen with CNX.
Somatic motor: gives head and neck movement—> innervates sternocleidomastoid and the upper fibers of the traps.

31
Q

What is the somatic motor function of CNXII?

A

Hypoglossal nerve
Somatic motor: innervate the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue. aid tongue movements during feeding, swallowing, and speech.

32
Q

What are the neumonics for CN functions?

A 
I Some
II Say
III Marry 
IV Money 
V But
VI My 
VII Brother
VIII Says
IX Big
X Brains
XI Matter 
XII More
33
Q

How many PAIR of spinal nerves are there?

A

31, 62 total

34
Q

What kind of information do spinal nerves contain?

A

Both efferent and afferent information

35
Q

Each spinal nerve is attached by what?

A

Dorsal and ventral root

36
Q

How do the ventral and dorsal roots form?

A

Form from a series of rootlets which span the length of the spinal cord segment

37
Q

What type of information travels in the dorsal and ventral roots?

A 
Dorsal = sensory 
ventral = motor
38
Q

What type of information traves in the dorsal and ventral rami?

A

both

39
Q

What is a nerve plexus?

A

a network of axons

40
Q

Which spinal nerves do not form nerve plexuses?

A

Dorsal rami and ventral rami T2-T12

41
Q

Why is it important that plexuses exist?

A

Because of plexuses, if a single spinal nerve is damaged, it does not completely paralyze any limb muscles.

42
Q

Dorsal rami supply the back of the trunk in what way?

A

In a segmented fashion

43
Q

The T2-12 ventral rami supply the remainder of the thorax in what way?

A

in a segmented fashion

44
Q

Describe the cervical plexus and the most important nerve coming from this plexus

A
  • highest plexus in the body
  • C1-C4
  • located deep in the neck under the sternocleidomastoid muscle
  • Phrenic Nerve: courses down the thoracic cavity and innervate your diaphragm (skeletal muscle). Provides both efferent and afferent innervation to the diaphram
45
Q

Why is the phrenic nerve so important?

A

Because without it, there is no information coming from the diaphragm or information going towards the diaphragm and we need this thing to expand in order to breath… so it’s important.

46
Q

Why are high level spinal cord injuries so lethal?

A

Because I am likely to damage spinal nerves contributing to the phrenic nerve which helps us breath

47
Q

What are hiccups?

A

Hyperstimulation of the phrenic nerve. Eating spicy foods can irritate it because it passes through the esophagus

48
Q

Describe the brachial plexus

A

C4-T1

  • all of these axons and nerve structures are going to pass underneath the clavicle and come down into the axillary region.
  • these axons are going to go all over the anterior and posterior brachial and antebrachial compartments.
49
Q

What are the major nerves coming from the brachial plexus?

A

Posterior brachial and antebrachial: axilliary nerve and radial nerve.
Anterior: musculocutaneuos nerve (brachial)
median and radial nerve (antebrachial–lower arm)

50
Q

Describe the lumbar plexus

A

L1-L4

-start at the psoas muscle, wrapping around it.

51
Q

What are the major nerves of the lumbar plexus?

A

Obturator and femoral nerve

52
Q

What is the femoral nerve responsbile for?

A

innervating the skin and muscles of the anterior thigh(quads)

53
Q

What does the obturator nerve innervate?

A

the medial thigh compartment —adductors and the skin over the adductors

54
Q

What is the smallest plexus?

A

sacral

55
Q

describe the sacral plexus

A

L4-S4

56
Q

Describe the Sciatic nerve

A
  • largest nerve in the body because it is two nerves encased together–>tibial nerve and the common fibular (superficial and deep (peroneal) nerve) nerve before they separate after the knee.
  • in the sacral plexus
  • passes through the greater sciatic notch
  • resposible for motor and sensory information of the entire lower limb except for the anterior thigh compartment and the medial thigh compartment.
57
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

An area of the skin that provides sensory input to the CNS via one pair of spinal nerves

58
Q

Maps of dermatomes are useful for what?

A
  • for surgeons trying to block pain from certain areas.

- diagnose issues with certain areas if patients presents problems with feeling in certain areas.

APK 2100 EXAM 3 (4 decks)

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