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Physiology > Ch.13 Quizzes > Flashcards

Ch.13 Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

Transportation functions of the circulatory system include ____.

Carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide

Carrying leukocytes

Carrying absorbed products of digestion

Carrying metabolic waste

All of the choices are correct

A

All of the choices are correct

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1
Q

How much blood does the average-sized adult have?

7 liters
4 liters
5 liters
2 liters

A

5 liters

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2
Q

The development of ____ would be inhibited if the actions of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were blocked.

Neutrophils

Thrombocytes

Erythrocytes

lymphocytes

A

neutrophils

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3
Q

An elite marathon runner would likely benefit from increased oxygen carrying capacity in the blood from the use of ____, which would serve to ____.

Erythropoietin; increase red blood cell formation

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor;
erythrocyte production

Thrombopoietin; increase megakaryocyte production

Hepcidin; increase leukopoiesis

A

Erythropoietin; increase red blood cell formation

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4
Q

A patient has a large portion of his stomach removed during a weight reduction surgery. Following this procedure, he experiences fatigue and is short of breath upon exertion. His surgery most likely resulted in ____.

Iron-deficiency anemia

Leukemia

Pernicious anemia

Aplastic anemia

A

Pernicious anemia

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5
Q

What is the enzyme that converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin?

Plasmin

Thrombin

Prothrombin

thromboplastin

A

Thrombin

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6
Q

The prostaglandin, thromboxane A2, stimulates ____.

Platelet repelling

Platelet aggregation

Vasoconstriction

Vasodilation

A

Platelet aggregation

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7
Q

What type of antigens are present in Type O blood?

A only

B only

Both A and B

Neither A nor B

A

Neither A nor B

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8
Q

The most abundant leukocytes in the blood are the ____.

Neutrophils

Monocytes

Basophils

eosinophils

A

Neutrophils

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9
Q

Erythroblastosis fetalis occurs when _____.

The mother has Rh- blood and the fetus has Rh+ blood

The mother has type AB blood and the fetus has type O blood

The mother has Rh+ blood and the fetus has Rh- blood

The mother has blood type A and the fetus has blood type O

A

The mother has Rh- blood and the fetus has Rh+ blood

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10
Q

The ____ of the heart are involved with ____.

Left side; circulating blood high in carbon dioxide and low in oxygen

Atria; receiving deoxygenated blood

Atria, ejecting blood from the heart

Ventricles; moving blood into major arteries

A

Ventricles; moving blood into major arteries

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11
Q

In the fetus, blood can flow from the right atrium to the left atrium through the ____.

Ductus arteriosus

Tricuspid valve

Ductus venosus

Foramen ovale

A

Foramen ovale

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12
Q

What causes the semilunar valves to close?

Higher pressure in the aorta and pulmonary trunk than in the ventricles

Higher pressure in the atria than in the ventricles

Higher pressure in the ventricles than aorta and pulmonary trunk

Higher pressure in the ventricles than in the atria

A

Higher pressure in the aorta and pulmonary trunk than in the ventricles

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13
Q

Cardiac ____ channels are called hyperpolarization cyclic nucleotide (HCN) channels because they open in response to hyperpolarization.

Purkinje

Atrial

Pacemaker

ventricular

A

Pacemaker

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14
Q

The production and conduction of action potentials in the heart produces a recordable tracing of the electrical activity of the heart called a(n) ____.

Depolarization

EMG

ECG

Heart scan

A

ECG

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15
Q

Most of the circulating blood can be found in ____.

Arteries

Veins

Capillaries

arterioles

A

Veins

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16
Q

Within the blood vessels, valves are found in the ____.

Capillaries

Arteries

Arterioles

veins

A

veins

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17
Q

Which type of an AV node block occurs when no atrial waves can pass through the AV node?

Third-degree

Fourth-degree

Second-degree

first-degree

A

Third-degree

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18
Q

In order to be effective against high cholesterol, statins must ____.

Inhibit HMG-coenzyme A reductase

Stimulate proconvertin

Inhibit streptokinase

All of the choices are correct

A

Inhibit HMG-coenzyme A reductase

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19
Q

Which of the following is a difference between veins and lymphatic vessels?

Interstitial fluid only moves into lymphatic vessels

Only veins contain valves

Only fluid in veins moves by waves of peristaltic contraction

Veins serve as a reservoir for the majority of blood in circulation

A

Veins serve as a reservoir for the majority of blood in circulation

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20
Q

Damage to tissues stimulates the activation of the ________ pathway.

complement

hemophilic

extrinsic

intrinsic

A

extrinsic

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21
Q

Both the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting pathways activate factors that ________.

convert prothrombin to thrombin

convert fibrinogen to fibrin

convert plasminogen to plasmin

None of the choices are correct.

A

convert prothrombin to thrombin

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22
Q

Aspirin inhibits blood clotting by directly preventing ________.

thrombin formation

fibrin formation

clot retraction

platelet plug formation

A

platelet plug formation

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23
Q

The major plasma protein is ________.

alpha globulin

albumin

beta globulin

fibrinogen

A

albumin

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24
Q

What ion is necessary for the clotting process?
K+
Mg2+
Ca2+
Na+

A

Ca2+

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25
Q

When the wrong blood type is given to a patient, the antibodies in the patient’s blood react with the antigens on the surface of the transfused blood causing a reaction called ________.

agglutination

neutralization

coagulation

precipitation

A

agglutination

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26
Q

Heart murmurs may be caused by ________. This causes valves to be less compliant, creating difficulty for blood to move from one chamber to another.

regurgitation

septal defects

fibrillation

stenosis

A

stenosis

27
Q

Systole refers to the ________ of the ventricles, when pressure is ________.

blood flow; lowest

filling; highest

relaxation; lowest

contraction; highest

A

contraction; highest

28
Q

The ________ conducts impulses from the AV node to the bundle branches, which lead to the Purkinje fibers.

ventricular septum

AV valve

AV bundle

SA node

A

AV bundle

29
Q

Ca2+ release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the heart are opened by an increase in Ca2+ in the cytoplasm. This is referred to as _____.

calcium-stimulated calcium release

calcium-induced fibrillation

calcium-induced repolarization

calcium-stimulated depolarization

A

calcium-stimulated calcium release

30
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the three coats that comprise the walls of arteries and veins?

Tunica media

Tunica externa

Tunica superficia

Tunica interna

A

Tunica superficia

31
Q

The first anatomical change associated with atherosclerosis is the appearance of ________.

blood clots

fibroblasts

monocytes

fatty streaks

A

fatty streaks

32
Q

Which of the following is NOT a lymphatic organ?

Thymus

Spleen

Lymph nodes

Tonsils

A

Lymph nodes

33
Q

Interstitial fluid is derived from ________.

A. formed elements
B. cells
C. lymph
D. plasma

A

Plasma

34
Q

Which substance does NOT inhibit platelet aggregation?

A. Prostacyclin
B. CD39
C. von Willebrand factor
D. Nitric oxide

A

von Willebrand factor

35
Q

The presence of both type-B antibodies and type-B antigens are to agglutination as ________ is to ________.

A. vascular damage; hemostasis
B. hemostasis; clotting
C. coagulation; hemophilia
D. fibrin; fibrinogen

A

vascular damage; hemostasis

36
Q

Decreased liver protein synthesis would cause the amount of ________ and ________ in the blood to be decreased.

A. RBCs; WBCs
B. thromboplastin; RBCs
C. albumin; fibrinogen
D. platelets; albumin

A

albumin; fibrinogen

37
Q

Which of the following stimulates the formation of the platelet plug?

A. von Willebrand factor
B. ADP
C. Thromboxane A2
D. All of the choices are correct.

A

All of the choices are correct

38
Q

How does hepcidin function in iron homeostasis?

A. Promotes production and insertion of ferroportin channels in enterocytes
B. Promotes cellular storage of iron by removing ferroportin channels in enterocytes
C. Increases production of transferrin
D. Increases macrophage destruction of old red blood cells to release iron

A

Promotes cellular storage of iron by removing ferroportin channels in enterocytes

39
Q

What is the role of serotonin in blood clotting?
A. Causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels to slow loss of blood
B. Causes platelets to become sticky
C. Converts fibrinogen to fibrin
D. Enhances the platelet release reaction

A

Causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels to slow loss of blood

40
Q

John has blood type B. In an emergency, John could receive which of the following blood types?
A. AB only
B. B or O
C. O only
D. B only

A

B or O

41
Q

Which part of the red blood cell can bind to oxygen?
A. Cell cytoplasm
B. Plasma membrane
C. Heme part of hemoglobin
D. Globin part of hemoglobin

A

Heme part of hemoglobin

42
Q

The pathway of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart is the ________ circulation.
A. systemic
B. pulmonary
C. pleural
D. cardiac

A

pulmonary

43
Q

The pulmonary semilunar valve is to the right ventricle as the ________ is to the ________.
A. right atrioventricular valve; left ventricle
B. aortic valve; aorta
C. tricuspid valve; right atrium
D. mitral valve; pulmonary vein

A

tricuspid valve; right atrium

44
Q

During isovolumetric ventricular relaxation ________.
A. atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure
B. ventricular pressure is increasing
C. the atrioventricular valves are open
D. left ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure

A

atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure

45
Q

Bipolar limb lead three uses the ________.
A. right arm and left leg
B. left arm and right leg
C. left and right arms
D. left arm and left leg

A

left arm and left leg

46
Q

Ventricular depolarization ________.
A. appears as the P wave on an ECG
B. appears as the T wave on an ECG
C. occurs prior to atrial depolarization
D. occurs after atrial depolarization

A

occurs after atrial depolarization

47
Q

Varicose veins can be caused by ________.
A. compression of abdominal aorta by a fetus during pregnancy
B. stiffened venous valves
C. excessive venous congestion
D. All of the choices are correct.

A

excessive venous congestion

48
Q

Choose the incorrect statement regarding blood vessels.
A. Smooth muscle surrounds capillaries.
B. Discontinuous capillaries create sinusoids.
C. Arteries contain more muscle than veins.
D. Valves are found in veins but not arteries.

A

Smooth muscle surrounds capillaries.

49
Q

Damage to the AV node could cause ________ on and ECG.
A. the absence of the T wave
B. multiple P waves
C. multiple T waves
D. multiple Q waves

A

multiple P waves

50
Q

Functions of the lymphatic system include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A. transport of interstitial fluid
B. transport of absorbed peptides
C. transport of absorbed fat
D. providing immunological defense

A

transport of absorbed peptides

51
Q

What is the major hematopoietic organ in the fetus?

Spleen
Liver
Kidneys
Red bone marrow

A

Liver

52
Q

Iron is transported in the blood by the protein ________.
fibrinogen
albumin
globin
Transferrin

A

Transferrin

53
Q

A normal hematocrit for women would be ________.
40%
52%
30%
48%

A

40%

54
Q

What substances are needed to produce red blood cells?

Vitamin B12
Folic acid
Iron
All of the choices are correct.

A

All of the choices are correct.

55
Q

Which anticoagulant and its action is NOT correctly matched?

Aspirin—inhibits prostaglandin production and platelet aggregation

Citrate—combines with calcium to prevent its function with clotting factors

Coumadin—inhibits tissue thromboplastin

Heparin—inhibits action of thrombin

A

Coumadin—inhibits tissue thromboplastin

56
Q

If the ________ were not properly functioning, congestion in the venous system would be an expected sign.

pulmonary semilunar valve

tricuspid valve

bicuspid valve

mitral valve

A

tricuspid valve

57
Q

The P wave of an ECG represents ________.

ventricular depolarization

atrial depolarization

ventricular repolarization

atrial repolarization

A

atrial depolarization

58
Q

Following musculoskeletal surgery on the lower extremity, oftentimes a return to ambulation (walking) is prescribed as soon as possible to reduce edema. Why?

Increases muscular hypertrophy similar as with most exercise

Promotes fluid return via alternating pressures created by muscular contractions

Increases mechanical stimulation to fibroblasts and tissue repair

Promotes the inflammatory response and thus speeds healing

A

Promotes fluid return via alternating pressures created by muscular contractions

59
Q

The lymphatic system can help cancer cells ________ since cancer cells may enter, circulate, and later exit porous lymphatic capillaries.
die off

mutate

revert to normal cells

metastasize

A

metastasize

60
Q

A normal red blood cell count is in the range of ________ /mm3.
a. 4.23–5.98 million
b. 4,300–10,800
c. 130,000–400,000
d. 120–220

A

4.23–5.98 million

61
Q

Blood globulins include which of the following types?

Alpha globulins

Beta globulins

Gamma globulins

All of the choices are correct

A

All of the choices are correct

62
Q

Polycythemia would be induced by _______ in the blood.

Decreased carbon dioxide

Increased oxygen

Increased infection

Decreased oxygen

A

Decreased oxygen

62
Q

What structures keep the AV valves from everting under high ventricular pressure?

Semilunar valves

Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae

Interventricular and interatrial septa

Annuli fibrosis

A

Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae

63
Q

Medications that are used to treat arrhythmias may use which of the following mechanisms?

Block β-adrenergic receptors.

Block fast Na+ channels.

Block slow Ca2+ channels.

All of the choices are correct.

A

All of the choices are correct.

64
Q

All blood vessels are lined with _________.

Elastin

Endothelial cells

Smooth muscle

The tunica externa

A

Endothelial cells

65
Q
A

Physiology (6 decks)

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