Ch.13 Quizzes Flashcards
Transportation functions of the circulatory system include ____.
Carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide
Carrying leukocytes
Carrying absorbed products of digestion
Carrying metabolic waste
All of the choices are correct
All of the choices are correct
How much blood does the average-sized adult have?
7 liters
4 liters
5 liters
2 liters
5 liters
The development of ____ would be inhibited if the actions of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were blocked.
Neutrophils
Thrombocytes
Erythrocytes
lymphocytes
neutrophils
An elite marathon runner would likely benefit from increased oxygen carrying capacity in the blood from the use of ____, which would serve to ____.
Erythropoietin; increase red blood cell formation
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor;
erythrocyte production
Thrombopoietin; increase megakaryocyte production
Hepcidin; increase leukopoiesis
Erythropoietin; increase red blood cell formation
A patient has a large portion of his stomach removed during a weight reduction surgery. Following this procedure, he experiences fatigue and is short of breath upon exertion. His surgery most likely resulted in ____.
Iron-deficiency anemia
Leukemia
Pernicious anemia
Aplastic anemia
Pernicious anemia
What is the enzyme that converts soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin?
Plasmin
Thrombin
Prothrombin
thromboplastin
Thrombin
The prostaglandin, thromboxane A2, stimulates ____.
Platelet repelling
Platelet aggregation
Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Platelet aggregation
What type of antigens are present in Type O blood?
A only
B only
Both A and B
Neither A nor B
Neither A nor B
The most abundant leukocytes in the blood are the ____.
Neutrophils
Monocytes
Basophils
eosinophils
Neutrophils
Erythroblastosis fetalis occurs when _____.
The mother has Rh- blood and the fetus has Rh+ blood
The mother has type AB blood and the fetus has type O blood
The mother has Rh+ blood and the fetus has Rh- blood
The mother has blood type A and the fetus has blood type O
The mother has Rh- blood and the fetus has Rh+ blood
The ____ of the heart are involved with ____.
Left side; circulating blood high in carbon dioxide and low in oxygen
Atria; receiving deoxygenated blood
Atria, ejecting blood from the heart
Ventricles; moving blood into major arteries
Ventricles; moving blood into major arteries
In the fetus, blood can flow from the right atrium to the left atrium through the ____.
Ductus arteriosus
Tricuspid valve
Ductus venosus
Foramen ovale
Foramen ovale
What causes the semilunar valves to close?
Higher pressure in the aorta and pulmonary trunk than in the ventricles
Higher pressure in the atria than in the ventricles
Higher pressure in the ventricles than aorta and pulmonary trunk
Higher pressure in the ventricles than in the atria
Higher pressure in the aorta and pulmonary trunk than in the ventricles
Cardiac ____ channels are called hyperpolarization cyclic nucleotide (HCN) channels because they open in response to hyperpolarization.
Purkinje
Atrial
Pacemaker
ventricular
Pacemaker
The production and conduction of action potentials in the heart produces a recordable tracing of the electrical activity of the heart called a(n) ____.
Depolarization
EMG
ECG
Heart scan
ECG
Most of the circulating blood can be found in ____.
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
arterioles
Veins
Within the blood vessels, valves are found in the ____.
Capillaries
Arteries
Arterioles
veins
veins
Which type of an AV node block occurs when no atrial waves can pass through the AV node?
Third-degree
Fourth-degree
Second-degree
first-degree
Third-degree
In order to be effective against high cholesterol, statins must ____.
Inhibit HMG-coenzyme A reductase
Stimulate proconvertin
Inhibit streptokinase
All of the choices are correct
Inhibit HMG-coenzyme A reductase
Which of the following is a difference between veins and lymphatic vessels?
Interstitial fluid only moves into lymphatic vessels
Only veins contain valves
Only fluid in veins moves by waves of peristaltic contraction
Veins serve as a reservoir for the majority of blood in circulation
Veins serve as a reservoir for the majority of blood in circulation
Damage to tissues stimulates the activation of the ________ pathway.
complement
hemophilic
extrinsic
intrinsic
extrinsic
Both the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting pathways activate factors that ________.
convert prothrombin to thrombin
convert fibrinogen to fibrin
convert plasminogen to plasmin
None of the choices are correct.
convert prothrombin to thrombin
Aspirin inhibits blood clotting by directly preventing ________.
thrombin formation
fibrin formation
clot retraction
platelet plug formation
platelet plug formation
The major plasma protein is ________.
alpha globulin
albumin
beta globulin
fibrinogen
albumin
What ion is necessary for the clotting process?
K+
Mg2+
Ca2+
Na+
Ca2+
When the wrong blood type is given to a patient, the antibodies in the patient’s blood react with the antigens on the surface of the transfused blood causing a reaction called ________.
agglutination
neutralization
coagulation
precipitation
agglutination
Heart murmurs may be caused by ________. This causes valves to be less compliant, creating difficulty for blood to move from one chamber to another.
regurgitation
septal defects
fibrillation
stenosis
stenosis
Systole refers to the ________ of the ventricles, when pressure is ________.
blood flow; lowest
filling; highest
relaxation; lowest
contraction; highest
contraction; highest
The ________ conducts impulses from the AV node to the bundle branches, which lead to the Purkinje fibers.
ventricular septum
AV valve
AV bundle
SA node
AV bundle
Ca2+ release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the heart are opened by an increase in Ca2+ in the cytoplasm. This is referred to as _____.
calcium-stimulated calcium release
calcium-induced fibrillation
calcium-induced repolarization
calcium-stimulated depolarization
calcium-stimulated calcium release
Which of the following is NOT one of the three coats that comprise the walls of arteries and veins?
Tunica media
Tunica externa
Tunica superficia
Tunica interna
Tunica superficia
The first anatomical change associated with atherosclerosis is the appearance of ________.
blood clots
fibroblasts
monocytes
fatty streaks
fatty streaks
Which of the following is NOT a lymphatic organ?
Thymus
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Tonsils
Lymph nodes
Interstitial fluid is derived from ________.
A. formed elements
B. cells
C. lymph
D. plasma
Plasma
Which substance does NOT inhibit platelet aggregation?
A. Prostacyclin
B. CD39
C. von Willebrand factor
D. Nitric oxide
von Willebrand factor
The presence of both type-B antibodies and type-B antigens are to agglutination as ________ is to ________.
A. vascular damage; hemostasis
B. hemostasis; clotting
C. coagulation; hemophilia
D. fibrin; fibrinogen
vascular damage; hemostasis
Decreased liver protein synthesis would cause the amount of ________ and ________ in the blood to be decreased.
A. RBCs; WBCs
B. thromboplastin; RBCs
C. albumin; fibrinogen
D. platelets; albumin
albumin; fibrinogen
Which of the following stimulates the formation of the platelet plug?
A. von Willebrand factor
B. ADP
C. Thromboxane A2
D. All of the choices are correct.
All of the choices are correct
How does hepcidin function in iron homeostasis?
A. Promotes production and insertion of ferroportin channels in enterocytes
B. Promotes cellular storage of iron by removing ferroportin channels in enterocytes
C. Increases production of transferrin
D. Increases macrophage destruction of old red blood cells to release iron
Promotes cellular storage of iron by removing ferroportin channels in enterocytes
What is the role of serotonin in blood clotting?
A. Causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels to slow loss of blood
B. Causes platelets to become sticky
C. Converts fibrinogen to fibrin
D. Enhances the platelet release reaction
Causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels to slow loss of blood
John has blood type B. In an emergency, John could receive which of the following blood types?
A. AB only
B. B or O
C. O only
D. B only
B or O
Which part of the red blood cell can bind to oxygen?
A. Cell cytoplasm
B. Plasma membrane
C. Heme part of hemoglobin
D. Globin part of hemoglobin
Heme part of hemoglobin
The pathway of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart is the ________ circulation.
A. systemic
B. pulmonary
C. pleural
D. cardiac
pulmonary
The pulmonary semilunar valve is to the right ventricle as the ________ is to the ________.
A. right atrioventricular valve; left ventricle
B. aortic valve; aorta
C. tricuspid valve; right atrium
D. mitral valve; pulmonary vein
tricuspid valve; right atrium
During isovolumetric ventricular relaxation ________.
A. atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure
B. ventricular pressure is increasing
C. the atrioventricular valves are open
D. left ventricular pressure exceeds aortic pressure
atrial pressure is less than ventricular pressure
Bipolar limb lead three uses the ________.
A. right arm and left leg
B. left arm and right leg
C. left and right arms
D. left arm and left leg
left arm and left leg
Ventricular depolarization ________.
A. appears as the P wave on an ECG
B. appears as the T wave on an ECG
C. occurs prior to atrial depolarization
D. occurs after atrial depolarization
occurs after atrial depolarization
Varicose veins can be caused by ________.
A. compression of abdominal aorta by a fetus during pregnancy
B. stiffened venous valves
C. excessive venous congestion
D. All of the choices are correct.
excessive venous congestion
Choose the incorrect statement regarding blood vessels.
A. Smooth muscle surrounds capillaries.
B. Discontinuous capillaries create sinusoids.
C. Arteries contain more muscle than veins.
D. Valves are found in veins but not arteries.
Smooth muscle surrounds capillaries.
Damage to the AV node could cause ________ on and ECG.
A. the absence of the T wave
B. multiple P waves
C. multiple T waves
D. multiple Q waves
multiple P waves
Functions of the lymphatic system include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A. transport of interstitial fluid
B. transport of absorbed peptides
C. transport of absorbed fat
D. providing immunological defense
transport of absorbed peptides
What is the major hematopoietic organ in the fetus?
Spleen
Liver
Kidneys
Red bone marrow
Liver
Iron is transported in the blood by the protein ________.
fibrinogen
albumin
globin
Transferrin
Transferrin
A normal hematocrit for women would be ________.
40%
52%
30%
48%
40%
What substances are needed to produce red blood cells?
Vitamin B12
Folic acid
Iron
All of the choices are correct.
All of the choices are correct.
Which anticoagulant and its action is NOT correctly matched?
Aspirin—inhibits prostaglandin production and platelet aggregation
Citrate—combines with calcium to prevent its function with clotting factors
Coumadin—inhibits tissue thromboplastin
Heparin—inhibits action of thrombin
Coumadin—inhibits tissue thromboplastin
If the ________ were not properly functioning, congestion in the venous system would be an expected sign.
pulmonary semilunar valve
tricuspid valve
bicuspid valve
mitral valve
tricuspid valve
The P wave of an ECG represents ________.
ventricular depolarization
atrial depolarization
ventricular repolarization
atrial repolarization
atrial depolarization
Following musculoskeletal surgery on the lower extremity, oftentimes a return to ambulation (walking) is prescribed as soon as possible to reduce edema. Why?
Increases muscular hypertrophy similar as with most exercise
Promotes fluid return via alternating pressures created by muscular contractions
Increases mechanical stimulation to fibroblasts and tissue repair
Promotes the inflammatory response and thus speeds healing
Promotes fluid return via alternating pressures created by muscular contractions
The lymphatic system can help cancer cells ________ since cancer cells may enter, circulate, and later exit porous lymphatic capillaries.
die off
mutate
revert to normal cells
metastasize
metastasize
A normal red blood cell count is in the range of ________ /mm3.
a. 4.23–5.98 million
b. 4,300–10,800
c. 130,000–400,000
d. 120–220
4.23–5.98 million
Blood globulins include which of the following types?
Alpha globulins
Beta globulins
Gamma globulins
All of the choices are correct
All of the choices are correct
Polycythemia would be induced by _______ in the blood.
Decreased carbon dioxide
Increased oxygen
Increased infection
Decreased oxygen
Decreased oxygen
What structures keep the AV valves from everting under high ventricular pressure?
Semilunar valves
Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
Interventricular and interatrial septa
Annuli fibrosis
Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae
Medications that are used to treat arrhythmias may use which of the following mechanisms?
Block β-adrenergic receptors.
Block fast Na+ channels.
Block slow Ca2+ channels.
All of the choices are correct.
All of the choices are correct.
All blood vessels are lined with _________.
Elastin
Endothelial cells
Smooth muscle
The tunica externa
Endothelial cells
