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Texas Government > Ch13 - Public Policy, Finance and Budgeting in TX > Flashcards

Ch13 - Public Policy, Finance and Budgeting in TX Flashcards

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1
Q

Public Policy

A

Any act, law, legislation or program enacted by a public entity.

Reflects societal values

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2
Q

Redistributive policies

A

Public policies that reallocate funds from those with higher income to assist specific groups with lower incomes and provide a social safety net

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3
Q

Progressive taxation

A

people with higher incomes are taxed at higher percentage rates

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4
Q

Distributive policies

A

Public policies funded by taxpayers where those who contribute personally benefit

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5
Q

Regulatory policies

A

Public policies intended to regulate activity and provide public order

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6
Q

Paradigm

A

models used by social scientists to explain and understand concepts about how things work

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7
Q

Policymaking Model

A
  1. Agenda setting
  2. Formulation
  3. Implementation
  4. Evaluation
  5. Change or Termination
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8
Q

Agenda Setting

A

The first stage of the public policymaking model

The matter is brought to attention of the gov and a resolution is sought.

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9
Q

Formulation

A

The 2nd stage of the public policy making model

The issues are defined and options are explored
Level and degree of gov involvement established
Policy is finalized, formally announced and funded

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10
Q

Implementation

A

The 3rd stage of the public policy making model

Policy is carried out
Media involvement

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11
Q

Evaluation

A

The 4th stage of the public policy making model

Evaluation is carried out in a superficial manner
Insuring that there are no unintended consequences

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12
Q

Change or Termination

A

The final stage of the public policy making model

Adjusting or modifying the policy to enhance effectiveness, or terminating the policy.

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13
Q

The TX Voter ID Debate

A

Very intense
Voter ID laws require voters id proving they are eligible to vote before they vote

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14
Q

Fiscal conservatism

A

Opposition to deficit spending, strong support of low tax rates, and strong support for limited spending for public services

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15
Q

Balanced Budget

A

a means to keep the gov from spending more that it receives in revenues

Doesn’t allow for flexibility
The comptroller has the responsibility for both estimating and certifying revenue

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16
Q

The Biennial Budget System

A
  1. The appropriations bill must cover a two-year cycle
  2. The budget has to be passed 6 months before it goes into effect
  3. Spending decisions are more difficult
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17
Q

Dedicated funds

A

Revenues set aside for specific expense categories

Self-imposed constraint
Appx. 200 dedicated funds
Problem: high percentage of state revenue is restricted

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18
Q

Federal Mandates

A

Regulations set by Congress that state and local gov must meet

19
Q

Legislative Budget Board (LBB)

A

a body made up of members of the house and senate; including the two presiding officers, which oversees a staff responsible for preparing the basic working budget for the legislature’s consideration

20
Q

Dual budget system

A

The governor’s office of budget, planning and policy does prepare a doc, but it carries no weight with the legislature

21
Q

Budget Creation Process

A

Each agency makes a Legislative Appropriations Request (LAR)
Using the LARs, LBB constructs the budget
Comptroller’s biennial revenue estimate is delivered to the legislature
Senate and house committees work on the bill
Conference committee

22
Q

Tax Revenue

A

Funds generated through the tax system

23
Q

Revenue and spending _____ _____ in the long run

A

even out

24
Q

Current services budget

A

Budget adjusted for increases in population and inflation

25
Q

Regressive tax

A

a system of taxation whereby the tax rate increases a income decreases

26
Q

Sales tax

A

Tax paid on goods and services; collected at the point of sale and forwarded to the state treasury

Largest single component of tax revenue
Combined rate of 8.25%

27
Q

Which categories are exempt from the state portion of the sales tax

A

Food, medications, medical services, housing and utilities

28
Q

Motor Vehicle Sales and Rental Tax

A

Extension of the sales tax
Rentals <10 days: 10%,
rentals >10: 6.25%

29
Q

The Franchise Tax

A

A specific tax paid by businesses operating in TX

Insufficient
Adapted when TX SC declared the method of financing public ed unconstitutional

30
Q

Margin Tax

A

A tax paid on the marginal income of business

31
Q

Motor Fuels Tax

A

A tax on gasoline, diesel, and other motor fuels

Least volatile revenue of all taxes

32
Q

Oil and Gas Production Tax

A

Most volatile tax; percentage of value

33
Q

“Sin” Taxes

A

Taxes levied on selected goods and services, such as alcohol and tobacco

34
Q

Income tax

A

a tax based on a person’s income, usually progressive

35
Q

TX Constitution ______ income tax unless approved by voters

A

prohibits

36
Q

Almost ____ of the total tax burden falls to local govs, not the state

A

50%

37
Q

Non-Tax Revenue

A

Revenue derived from non-tax sources; such as lottery and fees paid to the state

Greater than tax revenue

38
Q

Federal Income

A

Revenue distributed from the fed gov to the state

The largest source of the non-tax revenue

39
Q

Licenses, Fees, Permits, Interest and Investment Income

A

2nd largest source of non-tax revenue

40
Q

The Lottery

A

Revenue- raising method of the state involving games of chance

41
Q

The Big Three State Expenditures

A

Education, health, business and economic development

42
Q

Medicaid

A

Government-sponsored health care for those living in poverty

43
Q

CHIPs

A

subsidized health insurance for children whose parent make too much for Medicaid but who earn less than 200% of the poverty level

44
Q

TxDOT receives _____ of the funding for business and economic development

A

the bulk

Texas Government (12 decks)

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