Ch.12 The Cell Cycle Flashcards
A method of asexual reproduction by “division in half”
Binary Fission
The third stage of mitosis, in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated & the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell
Anaphase
A mass of abnormal cells w/ specific genetic & cellular changes such that the cells are not capable of surviving at a new site & generally remain at the site of the tumor’s origin
Benign Tumor
An ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two
Cell Cycle
A membrane-bounded, flattened sac located at the midline of a dividing plant cell, inside which the new cell wall forms during cytokinesis
Cell Plate
In a duplicated chromosome, the region in each sister chromatid where they are most closely attached to each other by proteins that bind to a specific DNA sequences
Centromere
A structure present in the cytoplasm of animal cells that functions as a microtubule-organizing center & is important during cell division
Centrosome
A cellular structure carrying genetic material, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Chromosomes
The complex of DNA & proteins that make up eukaryotic chromosomes
Chromatin
The process of cytokinesis in animal cells, characterized by pinching of the plasma membrane
Cleavage
The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell, a shallow groove around the cell in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate
Cleavage Furrow
The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I or meiosis II
Cytokinesis
The genetic material of an organism or virus
Genome
A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm
Gametes
The first gap, or growth phase; of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins
G1 Phase
The second gap, or growth phase, of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs
G2 Phase
The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing
Interphase
A structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
Kinetochore
A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, & telophase
Mitosis
A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting of two rounds of cell division but only one round of DNA replication
Meiosis
The phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis & cytokinesis
Mitotic (M) Phase
The second stage of mitosis, in which the spindle is complete & the chromosomes, attached to the microtubules at their kinetochore, are all aligned at the metaphase plate
Metaphase
An imaginary structure located at a plane midway btwn the two poles of a cell in metaphase on which the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are located
Metaphase Plate
A cancerous tumor containing cells that have significant genetic & cellular changes & are capable of invading & surviving new sites
Malignant Tumor
The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site
Metastasis
The first stage of mitosis, in which the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes visible with a light microscope, the mitotic spindle begins to form, & the nucleolus disappears but the nucleus remains intact
Prophase
Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors
Somatic Cell
The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of the interphase during which DNA is replicated
S Phase
The fourth & final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming & cytokinesis has typically begun
Telophase
The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell
Transformation
