Ch12 Qualitative

Question 1

Interview guide

Answer 1

list of questions a researcher wishes to address in the course of a qualitative interview

Question 1

Kvale Question types

Answer 1

9 question types that can occur during a qualitative interview

Question 2

introducing question

Answer 2

general opening questions - give their account of a situation or experinece

rich detailed descriptions from the interviewee core of answering

Question 3

Follow-up questions

Answer 3

asked by the interviewer to get additional description about topics just discussed by the interviewee

Get additional details of events or experiences

need elaboration on something

negative reaction? - asking what they mean by that

Question 4

Probing questions

Answer 4

respond to yes or no - asking for more details or examples

expand on an incomplete point

do you have any other examples?

Question 5

specifying questions

Answer 5

questions that the researcher asks to get more detailed descriptions about specific aspects of the interviewee’s descriptions

how did u react then, uh huh

Question 6

direct questions

Answer 6

introduced toward the end to address specific topics not covered

have you ever left a job due to perceived racist treatment

Question 7

silence

Answer 7

encourage interviewees to keep talking

Question 8

indirect questions

Answer 8

questions that the interviewer asks to get a sense of how the interviewee believes other people think, behave or feel.

how do you think other employees regard racism

Question 9

interpreting questions

Answer 9

questions asked to ensure the researcher is interpreting what the interviewee is saying as correctly as possible

from what I understand, from what you’ve told me

Question 9

structuring questions

Answer 9

used by the interviewer to keep the interview on track if it has gone off topic or answer to a question is fully exhausted

i would now like to discuss

Question 10

how are participants sampled in qual

Answer 10

non probability - snowball, and purposive,

Question 11

gestalt

Answer 11

interviews meaning is shaped by its gestalt - the whole interaction of a researcher and a member in a specific context

more than the words - social process - body language, relationship, context

Question 12

advantage of qual interview

Answer 12

allow the researcher to see the world from the perspective of their interviees, allow voice of interviees

data rich with descriptive detail

development of new theories - inductive approach to theory - grounded theory

new avenues of research - study understudied populations - create theories that feed into the future research of other social scientists

Question 13

disad of qual & suggestions

Answer 13

validity and reliability
- small sample size
- qual data evaluated according to trustworthiness - make data available to reanalyze
-non-homogenous populations - make sure to select

Question 14

focus groups

Answer 14

people are informally interviewed in a group discussion setting

gather 6 to 12 people in a room with a moderator to dicuss a few issues - trained facilitator used in focus group research who guides the focus group discussion.

moderator - nondirective and to facilitate free, open discussion by all group members. - keep convo on track

4-6 separate groups as a guideline

Question 15

adv of focus groups

Answer 15

natural setting allows people to express opinions/ideas freely

open expression among members of marginalized social groups is encouraged

people tend to feel empowered especially in action-oriented research projects

survey researchers are provided with a window into how people talk about survey topic

interpretation of quantitative survey results is facilitated

participants may query one another and explain their answers to each other

Question 16

Limitations of focus groups

Answer 16

-polarizing effect exists
- only few topics can be discussed
- moderator may unknowingly limit free expression
- possibility of groupthink
- not clear who members are representing
- focus groups produce fewer ideas than individual interviews
- rarely report all details of study design procedure
- researchers cannot reconcile the differences btw individual and focus groups

Question 17

groupthink

Answer 17

in focus group - peoples natural desire to avoid conflict and lean toward group consensus even when the opinion of the group does not reflect their own personal opinions

Question 18

ow to tackle group think

Answer 18

assign devil’s advocate - introduce new ways of thinking to prevent tendency towards conformity- its an identified member of the group