Ch12 Qualitative Flashcards
Interview guide
list of questions a researcher wishes to address in the course of a qualitative interview
Kvale Question types
9 question types that can occur during a qualitative interview
introducing question
general opening questions - give their account of a situation or experinece
rich detailed descriptions from the interviewee core of answering
Follow-up questions
asked by the interviewer to get additional description about topics just discussed by the interviewee
Get additional details of events or experiences
need elaboration on something
negative reaction? - asking what they mean by that
Probing questions
respond to yes or no - asking for more details or examples
expand on an incomplete point
do you have any other examples?
specifying questions
questions that the researcher asks to get more detailed descriptions about specific aspects of the interviewee’s descriptions
how did u react then, uh huh
direct questions
introduced toward the end to address specific topics not covered
have you ever left a job due to perceived racist treatment
silence
encourage interviewees to keep talking
indirect questions
questions that the interviewer asks to get a sense of how the interviewee believes other people think, behave or feel.
how do you think other employees regard racism
interpreting questions
questions asked to ensure the researcher is interpreting what the interviewee is saying as correctly as possible
from what I understand, from what you’ve told me
structuring questions
used by the interviewer to keep the interview on track if it has gone off topic or answer to a question is fully exhausted
i would now like to discuss
how are participants sampled in qual
non probability - snowball, and purposive,
gestalt
interviews meaning is shaped by its gestalt - the whole interaction of a researcher and a member in a specific context
more than the words - social process - body language, relationship, context
advantage of qual interview
allow the researcher to see the world from the perspective of their interviees, allow voice of interviees
data rich with descriptive detail
development of new theories - inductive approach to theory - grounded theory
new avenues of research - study understudied populations - create theories that feed into the future research of other social scientists
disad of qual & suggestions
validity and reliability
- small sample size
- qual data evaluated according to trustworthiness - make data available to reanalyze
-non-homogenous populations - make sure to select
focus groups
people are informally interviewed in a group discussion setting
gather 6 to 12 people in a room with a moderator to dicuss a few issues - trained facilitator used in focus group research who guides the focus group discussion.
moderator - nondirective and to facilitate free, open discussion by all group members. - keep convo on track
4-6 separate groups as a guideline
adv of focus groups
natural setting allows people to express opinions/ideas freely
open expression among members of marginalized social groups is encouraged
people tend to feel empowered especially in action-oriented research projects
survey researchers are provided with a window into how people talk about survey topic
interpretation of quantitative survey results is facilitated
participants may query one another and explain their answers to each other
Limitations of focus groups
-polarizing effect exists
- only few topics can be discussed
- moderator may unknowingly limit free expression
- possibility of groupthink
- not clear who members are representing
- focus groups produce fewer ideas than individual interviews
- rarely report all details of study design procedure
- researchers cannot reconcile the differences btw individual and focus groups
groupthink
in focus group - peoples natural desire to avoid conflict and lean toward group consensus even when the opinion of the group does not reflect their own personal opinions
ow to tackle group think
assign devil’s advocate - introduce new ways of thinking to prevent tendency towards conformity- its an identified member of the group
