Ch.12 Part B

Question 1

17) In what two ways do tonic contractions serve the body?

Answer 1

17) Supports tubes and moves product.

Question 2

30) When a muscle is repeatedly stimulated with maximum voltage to produce individual twitches the fact that successive twitches get larger is called.

Answer 2

30) Treppa / Staircase effect.

Question 3

15) Which of the following is not a structural characteristic of cardiac muscle cells;

Answer 3

15) They are
- Short branched fibers
- Single nucleus
- Intercalated Disc, conduct signal throughout all cells

Question 4

11) Each muscle fiber (cell) is variable in how much force it can generate depending on how intense the action potential is that stimulates it; T/F

Answer 4

11) F.

Question 5

28) If muscles is stimulated by an increasing frequency of electrical shocks its tension will

Answer 5

28) Increase to a maximum (Incomplete tetanus).

Question 6

9) When a weak stimulus arrives, all muscle fibers contract, but with lesser force than if a strong stimulus arrives; T/F

Answer 6

9) F.

Question 7

26) When muscles are used to keep the body processes in balance they are said to have a __ role

Answer 7

26) Homeostatic.

Question 8

14) Smooth muscle cells are very long and cylindrical like skeletal muscles; T/F

Answer 8

14) F.

Question 9

27) When muscle is repeatedly stimulated with maximum voltage to produce individual twitches successive twitches get ?

Answer 9

27) Larger.

Question 10

32) Smooth muscle contraction is controlled by.

Answer 10

32) Ca++.

Question 11

23) The main difference between smooth muscle cells and cardiac muscle cell is/are?

Answer 11

23) Shape and striation.

Question 12

10) What type(s) of fibers contract when a weak stimulus arrives at a muscle?

Answer 12

10) Lowest threshold fibers.

Question 13

21) What molecules may stimulate or mediate smooth muscle contraction.

Answer 13

21) Hormones.

Question 14

19) When you are trying to hold something in your arms for a long time, and it is not very heavy, your muscle fibers take turns with the load. This phenomenon is called;

Answer 14

19) Asynchronous contraction.

Question 15

5) What two structures set the pace and timing of cardiac muscle fiber contractions?

Answer 15

5) SA and AV nodes.

Question 16

3) Smooth muscles behave (electrically) in a fashion similar to cardiac muscle cells; T/F

Answer 16

3) T.

Question 17

20) Asynchronous contractions produce maximal force and the muscle to fatigue quickly; T/F

Answer 17

20) F.

Question 18

22) Tonic contractions are typical of fast twitch muscle fibers; T/F

Answer 18

22) F.

Question 19

38) During which type of concentration does excepted force does not cause load to move and length of fibers remain constant?

Answer 19

38) Isometric contraction.

Question 20

39) During which type of contraction does load is greater than excepted force?

Answer 20

39) Eccentric contraction.

Question 21

36) There is far more of what protein than myosin in smooth muscle cells.

Answer 21

36) Actin.

Question 22

12) If you cause a muscle to contract and the load moves, then it was a ___ contraction.

Answer 22

12) Isotonic.

Question 23

37) During which type if contraction does force remain constant throughout shortening process?

Answer 23

37) Isotonic contraction.

Question 24

24) The structure that connect bone to bone are called; that connect muscle to bone

Answer 24

24) Ligament= Bone + Bone

Tendon= Muscle + Bone

Question 25

7) Sphincters help the body maintain homeostasis; T/F

Answer 25

7) T.

Question 26

21) What molecule may stimulate or mediate smooth muscle contraction?

Answer 26

21) Hormones.

Question 27

2) Your biceps brachii is an example of a muscle that is used for very fine motor activities; T/F

Answer 27

2) F.

Question 28

4) Muscles that are very large and designed to produce a powerful contraction would have many ___ attached to each motor neuron.

Answer 28

4) Muscle fibers of fascicles.

Question 29

6) The ability of smooth muscles to contract to a greater percent of their total length is due to;

Answer 29

6) Arrangement actin and myosin fiber.

Question 30

34) What two chemicals usually involved in skeletal muscle contraction are absent in smooth muscle cell?

Answer 30

34) Tryponin and trypomyosin.

Question 31

13) Muscles that have very fine control would have very few ___ attached to each motor neuron.

Answer 31

13) Muscle fiber or muscle cells.

Question 32

33) The contraction of smooth muscle cells is very similiar to the mechanism seen in skeletal muscle cell T/F

Answer 32

33) F.

Question 33

8) The muscle cells of the heart are unaffected by outside stimulation; T/F

Answer 33

8) F.

Question 34

16) When a very high intensity stimulus arrives at a muscle, which muscle fibers would contract?

Answer 34

16) All of them.

Question 35

25) If cause a muscle to contact but the laid is not moved then it was a ____ contraction

Answer 35

25) Complete.

Question 36

18) Smooth muscles are characterized by their slow contractions that last a long time; T/F

Answer 36

18) T.

Question 37

35) When do smooth muscles relax (chemically).

Answer 37

35) Ca++ contraction decreases.

Question 38

31) What causes the staircase effect?

Answer 38

31) If muscle is repeatedly stimulated with maximum voltage to produce individual twitches, this is tripe or staircase effect.

Question 39

29) If frequency is so fast no relaxation occurs a smooth sustained contraction results called

Answer 39

29) Complete tetanus.

Question 40

1) Smooth muscles fatigue quickly; T/F

Answer 40

1) F.