Ch.10 Part A Flashcards
54) Olfaction is linked to what emotionally sensitive part of the brain?
54) Lymphatic.
14) Which one of the special senses is different from the others because it senses internal rather than external stimuli
14) Equilibrium (semicircular canals and vestibule).
20)The action potential patterns arriving from a sensory
20) F.
10)Sensory receptors are found in
10) Dermis
27) The diminishment of stimulus by a sensory area, over time, is referred to as;
27)Adaption or olfactory fatigue
43) Ruffini corpuscles are responsible for sensing;
43)
34) What type of receptor does not show adaptation? Why?
34) Nociceptors and proprioception.
2) Complex numeral receptor are usually nerve endings enclosed in what?
2) Connective tissue capsules.
52) What are the two structures involved in transmitting olfactory signals above the olfactory epithelium?
52) Bulb and tract.
45) What three functional categories of temperature sensors contribute to our sense of heat or cold?
45)
67) Pitch is determined by the frequency of the action potentials living the cochlea T/F
67) F.
8) Thermoreceptors will continue to send action potential even if there is no change in receptor temp T/F
8) F*
24) Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures stimulated during when you put your hand on an extremely hot surface;
24)
30) Temperature receptors are complex neural receptors T/F
30) F.
5) What type of receptors detect changes in fluid composition in the body
5) Chemoreceptors.
26) Cold and warm receptors only give information about changes in skin temperature T/F
26) T.
68) Intensity of perceived sound is determined by;
68) Frequency of AP.
60) The major function of the tympanum is to;
60) Eardrum converts pressure waves into mechanical vibrations.
39) Afferent pathways always move signals toward the;
39) Through sensory nerves to cns.
17)which of the following is not a energy source or type of stimulis
17)*
64) What are the sensory cells of the inner ear?
64) Hair cells.
4) What structure type of receptor has no axon but passes all signals directly to an afferent neuron
4) Special senses.
35) A structure that converts a stimulus into an AP is called a;
35) Transduction*
66) What four steps happen after stereo cilia in the basilar membrane are pressed against?
66)
32) What two senses are most emotionally disturbing and why?
32) Smell and itch.
59) The scientific name for the eardrum is the;
59)
12)What are the five major special senses
12) Vision (eyes), Hearing (ears), Taste (tongue), Smell (olfactory epithelium), Equilibrium (semicircular canals and vestibule).
3) A pacinian corpuscle is an example of what structural type of receptor
3) Complex neural*
25) A substance that causes pain to be reduced is called a;
25) Analgesic
38) Pruritis is more commonly called;
38) Itch.
51) What structures branch out and receive odorant molecules from incoming air?
51)
36) What structural type of receptors are composed of neurons with free nerve endings?
36) Simple receptors; neurons with free nerve endings.
21) What is the benefit of having reflexes, rather than sending all signals to the brain for processing?
21) Rapid and reliable response.
40) What are the two types of stimuli for the senses based on location?
40) Internal and external receptors.
61) The major function of the ossicles of the ear are to;
61) Transmit vibration, strength, power, allow damping.
53) The olfactory tract and bulb contain;
53)
7) What type of receptors detect physical change in tissue
7) Mechanoreceptors.
13) If a signal reaches the spinal cord and the motor nerve is immediately stimulated this is normally a reflex action T/F
13) T
42) The main cause of referred pain is;
42) Convergence
55) Which of the following is not a taste receptor on the taste buds?
55) Sour, sweet, salt, bitter, and umami.
23) The mechanism of pruritus is well established and the treatments are usually very effective T/F
23) F.
57) Sound waves directly stimulated the hair cells and generate action potentials T/F
57) F.
65) Which of the two membranes of the cochlea that work together to generate action potentials?
65) Basilar and sectoral membrane.
33) What type of pain is caused in one location but felt in another?
33) Referred pain.
28) What is the primary cause of referred pain?
28) Ischemia, lack of oxygen to internal organs
58) Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures involved in the hearing process;
58)
16) What two structures of the inner ear are responsible for the sense of balance
16) semicircular canals and vestibule.
70) What are the two types of deafness?
70)Conductive and sensorineural or central.
6) Oxygen and ph sensors in the brain are examples of what type of receptors
6) Chemoreceptors.
11) The rods and cones in the eyes are examples of what functional type of receptor
11) Photoreceptors
62) Mechanical vibrations of the ossicles are converted into fluid waves at the oval window T/F
62) T.
69) The main function of our pinnae are to direct sound waves into the ear canal T/F
69) F.
48) What type of analgesic blocks sensations of pain by blocking NT release in the brain?
48)
50) Olfactory cells are in what functional category?
50)
29) Olfactory fatigue is an example of a phenomenon known as;
29) Adaptation.
19) How is the location of a stimulus determined (what part of the body it came from)?
19) Location determined by area of brain stimulated by afferent nerve (No special info in APS)
47) What are the free nerve ending receptors responsible for sensing pain and itch?
47)
37) What type of nerve endings are responsible for sensing pain and chemicals in the skin?
37) Free nerve ending.
15)The CNS is composed of
15) Brain or spinal cord.
56) What are found on the surface of the tongue?
56) Taste buds.
31) What are the three structural categories of sensory receptors?
31)
22) How is the intensity of a stimulus determined?
22) Frequency AP.
9) What type of receptors detects changes in the temperature
9) Thermoreceptors
49) What cells convert smells into APs
49)
44) Light or brief touch is sensed best by the;
44)
63) What are the two membranes of the cochlea that work together to generate action potentials?
63) Basilar and sectoral membrane.
46) If you put your hand into ice water, what two receptors would be stimulated?
46)
18) What pathway has signals moving through sensory nerves to the CNS
18) Reflexive path.
41) What two receptors in the skin are responsible for sensing deep pressure and vibration?
41) Pacinian corpuscles and Merkel receptors.
71) How do the two types of deafness compare? What causes each?
71) Conductive; failure of tympanum, ossicles, or cochlea to transmit vibrations. Sensorineural or central; inability to convert vibrations into AP, transmit AP to brain, or to interpret signals from cochlea as sound.
