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6- Neuro Diag > Ch12 Brainstem I > Flashcards

Ch12 Brainstem I Flashcards

1
Q

Motor Columns are

A

GSE
GVE
SVE

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2
Q

GSE- is adjacent to

A

midline

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3
Q

FSE CN are

A

3,4,6,12

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4
Q

Visceral motor nuclei are in two columns:

A

GVE

SVE

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5
Q

GVE is related to which nervous system?

A

parasympathetic

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6
Q

GVE CN are

A

3,7,9,10

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7
Q

SVE innervate muscles of

A

branchiomeric origi

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8
Q

SVE CN are

A

5,7,9,10,11

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9
Q

Sensory Columns, Visceral sensory columns: are

A

SVA
GVA
SSA
GSA

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10
Q

SVA is related to which censes

A

taste and smell

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11
Q

SVA CN are

A

1
7
9
10

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12
Q

GVA is sensory from

A

viscera

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13
Q

GVA CN are

A

9

10

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14
Q

SSA CN are

A

2 (sight)

8 (hearing & equilibrium)

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15
Q

GSA is sensory for

A

head (trigeminal)

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16
Q

GSA CN are

A

5
7
9
10

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17
Q

Olfactory Nerve (SVA) Specialized:

A

chemoreceptors

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18
Q

CN1 chemoreceptors are located on

A

the superior nasal cavity

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19
Q

nasal chemoreceptors send axons through

A

cribiform plate

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20
Q

Olfactory Nerve track doesn’t go though ____ while going to the temporal lobe

A

thalamus

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21
Q

CN1 lesions are causes

A

ansomia
hyeprosmia
parasmia

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22
Q

def: anosmia

A

loss of smell

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23
Q

def: hyperosmia

A

increased sensitivity to smell

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24
Q

def: parosmia

A

abnormal sensations of smell

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25
Q

CN1 lesions are caused by

A
  • cocaine and other inhalants
  • tumor of frontal lobe or pituitary gland
  • viral infection
  • trauma at the cribiform plate
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26
Q

Optic Nerve II testing includes

A 
Inspection
Funduscopic exam
Visual Acuity
Reflexes
Confrontation testing of visual fields
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27
Q

Optic Nerve II Physiological problems: includes

A

cataracts
nyctalopia
uncorrected nearsightedness

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28
Q

define cataract

A

protein in the lens of the eye changes from clear to opaque

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29
Q

biggest contributor to cataract is

A

UV light exposure

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30
Q

cataracts is most common in what population?

A

elderly patients and welders

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31
Q

nyctalopia is due to

A

Vit A deficiency

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32
Q

nyctalopia causes

A

impaired night vision

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33
Q

in nyctalopia, cones takes longer to

A

recover vision when blasted by high beams

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34
Q

the inspection of CNII includes

A

exopthalmos
eye alignment
Pupils - PERRLA

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35
Q

Exopthalmos is ____ of eyes

A

bulging

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36
Q

PERRLA refers to

A

pupils-equal-round-reactive to light-accommodate

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37
Q

Funduscopic exam includes

A

disc
vessels
background
macula

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38
Q

How would you expect the pigments in a person with a darker skin:

A

more pigments

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39
Q

Trigeminal nerve V component

A

SVE

GSA

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40
Q

Trigeminal nerve 3 divisions

A

Ophthalmic
Maxillary
Mandibular

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41
Q

CN V Sensory lesions leads to

A

paresthesia
anesthesia
diminished absent reflexes

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42
Q

lesions in brainstem lead to _____ loss

A

ipsilateral

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43
Q

CN V Motor lesions leads to

A

muscle weakness
atrophy
diminished or absent jaw jerk reflex

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44
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia aka

A

Tic Douloureux

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45
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia Pt feels

A

stabbing electric pain in Trigeminal nerve distributions

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46
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia frequency

A

rare

150 cases/ 1 m

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47
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia is more common in what population?

A

women 30-50

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48
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia attacks lasts about

A

1-2 min

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49
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia attacks can happen over ____ per day

A

100 times

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50
Q

what tigers Trigeminal Neuralgia attacks

A 
cold exposure
touch
pressure
eating
swallowing
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51
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia Pts are prone to

A

sucide

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52
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia is possibly caused by

A
  1. blood vessel compression
  2. M.S.
  3. tumor
  4. damage from dentistry/surgery
  5. subluxation (dentate ligament)
  6. idiopathic
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53
Q

Herpes Zoster aka

A

Varicella
Chickenpox
Shingles

54
Q

Herpes Zoster Virus goes dormant and hides in

A

nerve ganglia

55
Q

under what cirumstances the H zoster may become active again?

A

stress

56
Q

describe Shingles

A

eruption of small, extremely painful vesicles along the distribution of the nerve

57
Q

shingles can affect which nerves?

A

any cutaneous nerve

unilaterally, does NOT cross mid-line

58
Q

Most common affected CN by shingles is

A

CN V

59
Q

Facial nerve VII component

A

SVE
GSA
SVA

60
Q

Facial nerve VII parasympathetic (GVE) - makes

A

tear
saliva
muscus

61
Q

what problmes that interfere with CN VII

A

TMJ problems or damage to lacrimal gland

62
Q

CN VII SVA function is

A

taste of sweet, salty, & sour on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

63
Q

Facial nerve VII lesions results in

A

Facial muscle weakness

64
Q

facial Upper motor neuron lesion effect

A

spares forehead

forehead gets innervation from both nerves, both cerebral hemispheres

65
Q

Lower motor neuron lesion affect

A

above and below the ey

66
Q

Bell Palsy is

A

facial nerve paralysis

67
Q

Bell Palsy rate

A

4/10000 people

68
Q

Bell Palsy is accompanied with

A

pain around the ear
drooling
speech impediment
eyelid may not close

69
Q

Bell Palsy onset is

A

sudden

70
Q

Bell Palsy 80% recover in

A

2-6 weeks

71
Q

if Bell Palsy recovery is delayed beyond 12 weeks then it becomes

A

permanent

72
Q

Bell Palsy becomes permanent when

A

nerves begin to take over other muscle fibers; resembles a grimace that makes the unaffected side appear paralyzed

73
Q

Bell Palsy can lead to increased sensitivity to

A

sounds on the affected side

74
Q

tensor tempani muscle - innervated by

A

CN V

75
Q

stapedius - innervated by

A

CN X

76
Q

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome is described as

A

Bell’s Palsy + Shingles

77
Q

in Ramsay Hunt Syndrome, H zoster attacks which nerve?

A

CN VII

78
Q

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome pain (posterior ear) precedes paralysis by

A

24-72 hours

79
Q

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome may involve which CN in addition to facial

A

CN V

80
Q

Ramsay Hunt Syndrome is more likely to have ____ effects

A

residual

81
Q

Vestibulocochlear aka

A

Cochleovestibular
Acoustic
Statoacoustic
CN VIII

82
Q

Cochlear Nerve; Sensorineural deafness means

A

cochlea or the nerve is damaged

83
Q

Sensorineural deafness characteristic

A

inner ear infection
Meniere disease
noise-induced deafness
toxicity

84
Q

Cochlear Nerve; Conductive deafness means

A

mechanical deficit in getting sound to the cochlea

85
Q

Conductive deafness characteristic

A

obstruction
eardrum damage
osteosclerosis
external or middle ear infection

86
Q

Cochlear lesion signs

A

Tinnitus

Auditory scotomas

87
Q

Tinnitus includes

A

ringing, buzzing, roaring in the ear

88
Q

Auditory scotomas means

A

loss of hearing at certain frequencies

89
Q

Schwannoma aka

A

coustic neuroma

cerebellopontine angle tumor

90
Q

Schwannoma causes hearing loss with

A

tinnitus

91
Q

Schwannoma damage is due to tumor growing on

A

the acoustic nerve

92
Q

Schwannoma symptoms may include

A

facial pain and sensory loss from CNV involvement

may involve facial nerve

93
Q

if Schwannoma reached CN 9 and 10 it can lead to

A

hydrocephalus

94
Q

Vestibular Nerve lesions can cause

A

Dizziness
Impulsion
Vertigo

95
Q

feeling of unsteadiness is called

A

Dizziness

96
Q

abnormal feeling of motion is called

A

Vertigo

97
Q

feeling of being pushed is called

A

Impulsion

98
Q

Dizziness, Impulsion, Vertigo can cause

A

motion sickness

99
Q

Peripheral Vestibular; timing

A

2-5 sec lag between motion & nystagmus; then it goes away in 30 sec

100
Q

Peripheral Vestibular; Vertigo is

A

extreme

101
Q

Peripheral Vestibular; caused by

A

Schwannoma
Vestibular Neuritis (viral)
Meniere Disease
BPPV

102
Q

Peripheral Central; timing

A

constant nystagmus

103
Q

Peripheral Central; Vertigo is

A

none

104
Q

Peripheral Central; caused by

A 
Ischemia (stroke)
Infection (in CNS) 
inflammation (M.S.)
Toxin
METS
105
Q

Endolymphatic Hydrops Meniere Syndrome aka

A

Endolymphatic Hydrops

106
Q

Meniere is ____ ear disorder

A

inner

107
Q

Meniere is caused by

A

too much fluid production increases pressure

overstimulates inner ear

108
Q

Meniere leads to

A

overproduction of endolymph

progressive cumulative deafness, possibly with vertigo

109
Q

overproduction of endolymph leads to

A

parasympathetic problems

110
Q

Glossopharyngeal IX exits skull at

A

Jugular Foramen

111
Q

Glossopharyngeal IX exits skull with

A

X & XI

112
Q

Glossopharyngeal IX Lesions leads to

A

glossopharyngeal neuralgia
tachycardia
loss of gag reflex & dysphagia
loss of bitter taste on posterior 1/3 of tongue

113
Q

tachycardia with no loss of oculocaridac reflex indicates a problem with

A

CN IX

114
Q

tachycardia with a loss of oculocaridac reflex indicates a problem with

A

CN X

115
Q

Vernet Syndrome aka

A

Jugular foramen syndrome

116
Q

Vernet Syndrome location

A

Jugular foramen

117
Q

Vagus nerve X unilateral Lesion ablative signs

A

hoarseness,
dyspnea
dysphagia
uvular deviation AWAY from the affected side

118
Q

Vagus nerve X binilateral Lesion ablative signs

A

Death

119
Q

Vagus nerve X irritative signs

A

increased parasympathetic tone

echelasia

120
Q

echelasia means

A

food backed up in esophagus
or
stomach dilation

121
Q

Spinal Accessory nerve XI is

A

SVE

122
Q

Spinal Accessory nerve XI arise from

A

the anterior horns of C1- C5

123
Q

Spinal Accessory nerve XI innervates

A

SCM & trapezius ipsilaterally

124
Q

CN XI internal medullary branch goes back into skull & out from

A

jugular foramen

125
Q

CN XI Lower motor neuron lesion signs

A

ipsilateral weakness of shoulder shrug and contralateral head rotation

126
Q

CN XI Upper motor neuron lesion signs

A

deficit turning head to contralateral side

increased tone, but weakness

127
Q

SCM is innervated (contra or ipsi-lateral)

A

ipsilateral

128
Q

Hypoglossal nerve XII is

A

GSE

129
Q

Hypoglossal is motore to

A

muscle of the tongue

130
Q

Hypoglossal test

A

inspection for deviation

muscle test

131
Q

Lesion Signs:

A
  • Atrophy on the lesion side of tongue
  • Deviation of tongue toward the lesion
  • Fasciculation – twitching on the side of lesion

6- Neuro Diag (10 decks)

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