Ch12-16 Flashcards
Crisis
An event that if allowed to escalate can disrupt an organization’s normal operations, jeopardize its reputation, and damage its bottom line
Warning Stage
The first stage of a crisis. If warning signs are recognized and appropriate action is taken quickly, the negative effects of a crisis can be averted of minimized
Risk Assessment
The first step in effective crisis communications. In this step, practitioners identify potential hazards their organization may face
Point of No Return
The second stage of a crisis. Once this moment is reached, a crisis becomes unavoidable
Cleanup Phase
The third stage of a crisis. During this stage, an organization deals with a crisis and its after0math. How long this period lasts is influenced by the degree to which the organization is prepared to handle crises
Things Return to Normal
The fourth and final stage of a crisis. During this stage, the immediate threat created by the crisis is over, but its lingering effects are still felt. Although things may have returned to “norma,” normality now may be much different from what it was before the crisis
Credentialing
A process for establishing the identity of people working in an otherwise restricted area. Usually used in connection with reporters, credentialing invokes issuing passes of badges that give access to an area such as a media information center
Intellectual Property
Original work of authorship that are fixed in a tangible form of expression
IMC
An organization’s examination and analysis of its own marketing communications: procedures, databases, personnel, messages, and so on
Privacy
A person’s right to be left alone and be free from unwarranted publicity
Direct Marketing
The delivery of individualized advertising to consumers one at a time as opposed to mass advertising
Database Marketing
The use of individual consumer information, stored in a database, to help plan marketing decisions
Marketing Mix
The four traditional aspects of marketing; product, price, promotion, and place
Appropriation
A tort in libel law. In this context, it is the commercial use of someone’s name, voice, likeness, or other defining characteristics without the person’s consent
Insider Trading
The purchase of sale of stocks or bonds on the basis of inside information that is not available to other investors. It is a violation of federal law and professional codes of ethics
Defamation
A burden of proof in libel. In that context, defamation in any communication that unfairly injures a person’s reputation and ability to maintain social contacts
Copyright
A legal designation that protects original works from unauthorized use. The notion ©, meaning copyright, indicates ownership of intellectual property
Litigation Public Relations
The use of public relations research, strategies, and tactics to influence events surrounding legal cases
Libel
A false communication that wrongfully injures the reputation of another. ‘to make a successful claim of libel, a plaintiff must meet the requirements of a five-point burden of proof
NY Times vs. Sullivan
Landmark 1964 US Spreme Court ruling that established a higher burden of proof in libel cases brought by public officials
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
A federal agency that administers federal securities laws to ensure that the nation’s securities markets are fair and honest
Freedom of Info Act
A federal law requiring all government documents, except those covered by specific exemption, to be open for public inspection
Trademarks
A legal designation indicated by the symbol ® that protects names, designs, slogans, and symbols associated with specific products
Annual Report
A once-a-year informational conference that a publicly held company must, by law, hold for its stockholders
Empowerment
The process through which an individual of a public gains power and influence over personal and/or organizational actions
Culture
A collection of distinct publics bound together by shared characteristics such as language, nationality, attitudes, and religious beliefs
Cross-Cultural
Occurring between members of different cultures
Stereotyping
The assumption that all members of a particular group or culture are the same and act in the same manner
Demographics
Data on non attitudinal characteristics of a person or group, such as race, gender, age, and income
Greenwash
A term environmentalists use to describe disinformation disseminated by an organization in an effort to present an environmentally responsible image
Feminization
The process through which the increasing influence of women is felt upon social, political, and economic issues
Baby Boomers
People born between 1945 and 1964
Globalization
The growing economic interdependence of the world’s people as a result of technological advances and increasing world trade
Public Relations Student Society of America (PRSSA)
An organization for public relations students. It is affiliated with the PRSA
Salary Equity
Equal pay for equal work
Internships
Temporary, supervised workplace experiences that employers offer to students. Some interns work for academic credit. Others receive a nominal wage for their services. Internships are considered a valuable precursor to a public relations career
Velvet Ghetto
Situation that exists when women predominate in lower-paying technical or middle-management jobs, with men dominating upper-level managerial positions
Breadwinners
People between the ages of 18 and 65 who typically constitute the labor force. As the so-called baby boomer generation reaches retirement age, the percentage of breadwinners relative to the total US population will decline
Green Public Relations
Public relations activities geared toward demonstrating an organization’s commitment to the environment. Increased environmental commitment is sometimes referred to as “going green”
