Ch.10 The Larger Communiy: Educational Law Flashcards
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), Title II
is a federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of a person’s disability for all services, programs, and activities provided or made available by local and state governments.
The Family Education Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), 1974
This law guarantees that parents can access their children’s records and also prohibits release of school records without parental permission or student permission once the student is 18 years old.
Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA),1990
is a federal statute made up of several grant programs targeted at helping the states to educate students with disabilities. The IDEA specifically lists types of disabilities that render a child entitled to special education.
Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
is a written education plan for a student with disabilities developed by a team of professionals (teachers, special educators, and school psychologists) and the child’s parents or caregivers. It describes how the child is currently doing, what his learning needs are, and what services the child will need.
Lau v. Nichols, 1974
Federally funded schools must provide their non-English-speaking student with either English instruction or instruction in their native language.
Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act, 1973
is a civil rights law. Enacted in1973, the law forbids organizations and employers from preventing individuals with disabilities an equal opportunity to receive program benefits and services.
The Education of All Handicapped Children Act -Public Law 94-142
was passed into legislation during the Ford Administration in 1975. This law was created to ensure a free and appropriate education is provided to handicapped children and adults ages 3 through 21. The term least restrictive environment originated with this law; it states that handicapped persons must be educated, to the maximum extent possible, with their regular education peers.
Massachusetts Laws of Education 1642 and 1647
1642 -established that parents (or “masters”) were responsible for instilling the principles of religion and the capital laws of the commonwealth of Massachusetts. All children and servants were required to demonstrate competency in reading and writing as outlined by the government.
1647 -was established to combat parental negligence in educating the child or servant according to the Law of 1642. This law required that towns of 50 families or more hire a schoolmaster who could teach the children to read and write.
Land Ordinance of 1785
this helped to establish a way to fund public education. the 16th section in each township was reserved for the maintenance of public schools.
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
provided land in the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley regions for settlement. One part of the ordinance stated that religion, and knowledge are necessary for a strong government. The federal government began to create a public school system offered to all children.
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896
A man named Homer Plessy volunteered to break the law by taking a seat in a “white-car only” train. He was arrested, and at his trial he argued that the laws violated his civil rights. Judge Ferguson found Plessy guilty. The supreme court reviewed the case and found the law of separate railroad cars constitutional. This ruled until Brown v. Board of Education.
Oregon School Case of 1925
also known as Peirce v. Society of Sisters. The Oregon school system participated in a decision to “Americanize” schools by requiring all children 8-16 to attend public schools. In 1925, the court ruled that the state of Oregon could not require all students to attend public schools, because this violates a students’ fourteenth amendment right of “personal liberty.” Students can be required to attend public or private schools.
Brown v. Board of Education, 1954
On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court announced in this case that “separate educational facilities are inherently unequal,” thereby changing the face of U.S. education forever.
Separation of Church and State, 1947
this is a part of a clause in the First Amendment o the U.S. Constitution. Public schools must remain neutral toward religion.
