CH10 disorders Flashcards
hydrocephalus
abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain)
spina bifida
congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect)
spina bifida occulta
vertebral defect is covered over with skin
spina bifida cystica
more severe form, cyst-like protrusions
meningocele
meninges protrude to the outside of the body
myelomeningocele
meningomyelocele
meninges and spinal cord protrude
Alzheimer disease (AD)
brain disorder makes by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Lou Gehrig disease
degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem
epilepsy
chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
tonic- clonic seizures (grand mal or ictal events)
sudden loss of consciousness, falling down, and then tonic contractions (stiffening of muscles) followed by clonic contraction (twitching and jerking movements of the limbs)
absence seizures
momentary clouding of the consciousness and loss of awareness of person’s surroundings
petit mal seizures
in children; momentary loss of consciousness
Huntington disease (huntington chorea)
hereditary disorder makes by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration
multiple sclerosis (MS)
destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacements by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue
myasthenia gravis (MG)
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles
palsy
paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)
parkinson disease (parkinsonism)
degenerative of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement
tourette syndrome
involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements, uncontrollable vocal sounds, and inappropriate words
herpes zoster (shingles)
viral infection affecting peripheral nerves
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy
brain disease and dementia occurring with aIDS
cerebrovascular accident (CVA) cerebral infarction
disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke
thrombotic (CVA)
blood clot ; leading to occlusion (blocking) of the vessel
embolic (CVA)
embolus
dislodged throbus; travels to cerebral arteries and occludes a small vessel; occurs suddenly
hemorrhagic (CVA)
blood vessel
migraine
severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache
cerebrospinal fluid analysis
samples of CSF are examined
cerebral angiography
x ray imaging of the retrial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material
computed tomography (CT) of the brain
computerized xray technique that generates multiple images of the brain and spinal cord
magnetic resonance imagine (MRI)
magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord
positron emission tomography (PET) scan
radioactive glucose is injected and then deleted in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells
doppler ultrasound studies
sound waves detect blood low in the carotid and intracranial arteries
electroencephalography (EEG)
recording of the electricity activity of the brain
lumbar puncture (LP)
CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis
sterotactic radiosurgery
use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets int he brain
