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Medical Term Quiz 3 > CH10 disorders > Flashcards

CH10 disorders Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

hydrocephalus

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in the brain)

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2
Q

spina bifida

A

congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts (neural tube defect)

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3
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

vertebral defect is covered over with skin

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4
Q

spina bifida cystica

A

more severe form, cyst-like protrusions

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5
Q

meningocele

A

meninges protrude to the outside of the body

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6
Q

myelomeningocele

meningomyelocele

A

meninges and spinal cord protrude

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7
Q

Alzheimer disease (AD)

A

brain disorder makes by gradual and progressive mental deterioration (dementia), personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning

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8
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Lou Gehrig disease

A

degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem

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9
Q

epilepsy

A

chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity

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10
Q

tonic- clonic seizures (grand mal or ictal events)

A

sudden loss of consciousness, falling down, and then tonic contractions (stiffening of muscles) followed by clonic contraction (twitching and jerking movements of the limbs)

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11
Q

absence seizures

A

momentary clouding of the consciousness and loss of awareness of person’s surroundings

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12
Q

petit mal seizures

A

in children; momentary loss of consciousness

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13
Q

Huntington disease (huntington chorea)

A

hereditary disorder makes by degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements and mental deterioration

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14
Q

multiple sclerosis (MS)

A

destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS and its replacements by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue

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15
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles

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16
Q

palsy

A

paralysis (partial or complete loss of motor function)

17
Q

parkinson disease (parkinsonism)

A

degenerative of neurons in the basal ganglia, occurring in later life and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement

18
Q

tourette syndrome

A

involuntary, spasmodic, twitching movements, uncontrollable vocal sounds, and inappropriate words

19
Q

herpes zoster (shingles)

A

viral infection affecting peripheral nerves

20
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges; leptomeningitis

21
Q

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy

A

brain disease and dementia occurring with aIDS

22
Q 
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
cerebral infarction
A

disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke

23
Q

thrombotic (CVA)

A

blood clot ; leading to occlusion (blocking) of the vessel

24
Q

embolic (CVA)

embolus

A

dislodged throbus; travels to cerebral arteries and occludes a small vessel; occurs suddenly

25
Q

hemorrhagic (CVA)

A

blood vessel

26
Q

migraine

A

severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache

27
Q

cerebrospinal fluid analysis

A

samples of CSF are examined

28
Q

cerebral angiography

A

x ray imaging of the retrial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material

29
Q

computed tomography (CT) of the brain

A

computerized xray technique that generates multiple images of the brain and spinal cord

30
Q

magnetic resonance imagine (MRI)

A

magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy create images of the brain and spinal cord

31
Q

positron emission tomography (PET) scan

A

radioactive glucose is injected and then deleted in the brain to image the metabolic activity of cells

32
Q

doppler ultrasound studies

A

sound waves detect blood low in the carotid and intracranial arteries

33
Q

electroencephalography (EEG)

A

recording of the electricity activity of the brain

34
Q

lumbar puncture (LP)

A

CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis

35
Q

sterotactic radiosurgery

A

use of a specialized instrument to locate and treat targets int he brain

Medical Term Quiz 3 (8 decks)

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