CH 17 Pathology Flashcards
cataract
clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision
chalazion
small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid
diabetic retinopathy
retinal effects of diabetes mellitus include micro aneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization (new blood vessels form in the retina)
glaucoma
increases intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve in loses of vision
dacryocystitis
blockage, inflammation, and infection of a nasolacrimal duct and lacrimal sac, causing redness and swelling in the region between the nose and the lower lid
ectropion
outward sagging and eversion of the eyelid, leading to improper lacrimation and corneal drying and ulceration
entropion
inversion of the eyelid, causing the lashes to rub against the eye, corneal abrasion may result
hordeolum (stye)
infection of a sebaceous gland producing a smal, superficial white nodule along lid margin
- localized prurulent, inflammatory staphylococceal infection of a sebaceous gland in the eyelid
ptosis
drooping of upper lid margin as a result of neuromuscular problems or trauma
xanthelasma
raised yellow plaque on eyelid caused by lipid disorder
- xanth/o: yellow
- elasma: plate
nystagmus
repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes
retinal detachment
two layers of the retina separate from each other
strabismus
abnormal deviation of the eye
estropia
one eye turns inward; cross eyes
exotropia
one eye turns outward; wall eyes
hypertropia
upward deviation of one eye
hypotropia
downward deviation of one eye
amblyopia
partial loss of vision or lazy eye
diplopia
double vision
enucleation
removal of the entire eyeball
keratoplasty
aka: corneal transplant
surgical repair of the cornea
laser photocoagulation
intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels
LASIK
use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism)
phacoemulsification
ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens, which then is aspirated through the ultrasonic probe
scleral buckle
suture of silicone band to the sclera ova detached portion of the retina
acoustic neuroma
benign tumor arising fromt eh acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (8th cranial nerve) in the brain
cholesteatoma
collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear
deafness
loss of the ability to hear
Meniere disease
disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear, elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea (cochlear hydrops) and semicircular canals (vestibular hydrops).
otitis media
inflammation of the middle ear
otosclerosis
hardening of the body tissue of the middle ear
tinnitus
sensation of noises (ringing, buzzing, whistling, booming) in the ears
vertigo
sensation of irregular or whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects
audiometry
testing the sense of hearing
cochlear implant procedure
surgical insertion of a device that allows sensorineural hearing- impaired persons to understand speech
ear thermometry
measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum
otoscopy
visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope
tuning fork test
test of ear conduction using a vibration source (tuning fork)
