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Home Ec > Ch.1::Nutrition > Flashcards

Ch.1::Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 nutrients?

A 
Protein
Fat
Carbohydrate
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
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2
Q

What is nutrition?

A

The study of food

- it’s composition, the amounts needed by the body and its effects on the body.

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3
Q

What is “food”?

A

Food is any substance (solid or liquid) that contains nutrients.

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4
Q

What is “nutrient”?

A

Any substance that can be digested (broken down) & used by the body.
All nutrients are made up of elements.

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5
Q

What is an “element”?

A

Is the simplest form of a substance

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6
Q

What is a “balanced diet”?

A

A diet that contains all of the nutrients in the correct amount for the body’s needs .

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7
Q

What dose RDA stand for?

A

Recommend dietary allowance.

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8
Q

What dose GDA stand for?

A

Guideline daily amount

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9
Q

What are micronutrients?

A

Nutrients required in small amounts (minerals and vitamins)

~measured In milligrams and micrograms

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10
Q

What are macronutrients?

A

Nutrients required in large amounts (protein, fat and carbohydrates)
~measured in grams

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11
Q

What is composition?

A

Elements that make up the nutrient & how they are arranged within the nutrient.

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12
Q

Wha is classification?

A

Divided into groups or classes

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13
Q

What is sources?

A

Foods that are the best suppliers of the nutrient

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14
Q

What are functions?

A

How the nutrient is used in the body

And why

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15
Q

Elements

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen:responsible for growth in the body!

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16
Q

What is the most important nutrient?

A

Nitrogen:responsible for growth in the body!

^^ most important

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17
Q

What is protein?

A

A number Of amino acids joined together by petite links to form a chain.

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18
Q

Are the protein chains broken down ?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Animal protein is;

A

1st class & hbv
Hugh biological value
From animal sources

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20
Q

What class is Vegetable protein

A 
2nd class
From veg
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21
Q

Eg of animal protein

A

Meat, fish, milk, eggs, cheese & yogurt

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22
Q

Eg of vegetable protein

A

Peas,beans, lentils,nut & cereals

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23
Q

What are the functions

A

For growth and repair cells and bones
Repair of worn out or damages cells eg; cuts
Hormones

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24
Q

How many Amino acids are there

A

20 approx.

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25
Q

What are fats called

A

Lipids

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26
Q

Lipids=

A

Fats + oils

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27
Q

Fats are soiled at room temp?

A

Yes

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28
Q

Eg of a solid (fat)

A

Butter

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29
Q

What are staple foods?

A

Foods that are traditionally eaten in a region they are more plentiful & therefore cheaper.

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30
Q

What are your 5 senses?

A

Smell
Sight
Touch
Hearing Taste

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31
Q

What tastes are on ur tongue?

A

Salty
Sweet
Sour
Bitter

32
Q

Factors that effects our choices?

A 
Cost
Availability 
Culture
Religion
Likes and dislikes (the senses)
Marketing & advertising 
Environment & lifestyle
33
Q

What are the 2 groups fats are divided into?

A

Saturated fats & unsaturated fats.

34
Q

What can you find saturated fat in?

A

Animal sources

35
Q

Eg of saturated fats

A

Butter meet eggs cheese cream suet & margarine.

36
Q

Eg of unsaturated fats

A

Oily fish, vegetable oil,nuts & cereals

37
Q

Functions of fats

A

Produce heat &energy
Prevent heat loss by forming an insulating layer under the skin
Protect organs such as the kidneys
Source of fat-solvable vitamins (a,d,e&k)
Delay hunger,as fats take longer to digest than proteins or carbohydrates
+ flavour to the diet

38
Q

What are the dangers of eating 2 ?

A

Eating 2 much fat can result in

being over weight or obesity.

39
Q

What are hydrogenated fats?

A

Hardened vegetable oils used in processed foods such as biscuits, cakes and pastries.

40
Q

What are benefits of eating unsaturated fats in the diet?

A

Help reduce cholesterol in the blood.
Omega fatty acids - thought to reduce the risk of heart disease
Improved brain function.

41
Q

Eg of omega fatty acids

A

Oily fish, seeds & nuts

42
Q

Carbohydrates are made up of what 3 elements?

A

Carbon, nitrogen & oxygen (CHO)

43
Q

Foods that contain carbohydrates can be divided into 3 units……?

A

Sugar
Starch
Cellulose

44
Q

Sources of..
Sugar
Starch
Cellulose

A

Sugar: cakes, biscuits, jam,honey,sugar & soft drinks
Starch: potatoes, cereals, (wheat, rice,oats), bread & pasta
Cellulose: vegetables, fruit, wholegrain cereals,(brown beard, brown rice , some breakfast cereals), seeds & nuts

45
Q

What are the functions of carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrate supplies the body with heat & energy
Extra carbohydrates is stored as fat, which insulated the body & prevents heat loss.
Cellulose aids the digestion of food

46
Q

What is another name for cellulose?

A

Roughage or dietary fibre.

47
Q

What’s dose cellulose do?

A

AIDS the digestion by helping food move through the intestines
Prevents constipation and diseases eg: bowl cancer.
Important to include high - fiber foods In your diet everyday.

48
Q

2 much sugar can lead to ?

A

Tooth decay & gain too much weight.

49
Q

Hidden sugars are foods that…

A

May not taste sweet but still contain sugar

Eg: savoury sauces.

50
Q

Sugar is often called what?

A

Glucose & dextrose.

51
Q

How to reduce sugar content?

A

Replace sugary snakes with healthier choices eg: fruit & nuts.
Water instead of fizzy drinks.
Sweeten foods with dried or fresh fruit.
Rd. food labels to check for sugar content & hidden sugars

52
Q

What is the name given to 2 groups that vitamins are classified into

A

Fat-soluble vitamins.

Water-soluable vitamins

53
Q

What are the most important minerals we need?

A 
Iron 
Calcium
Phosphorus 
Iodine
Potassium 
Sodium
Chlorine
Fluorine
Magnesium
54
Q

What mineral is most found-in the body?

A

Calcium

55
Q

What is calcium found in?

A

Teeth & bones
&
Also found in mussels and the blood

56
Q

What disease is found in children with bones becoming deformed?

A

Rickets

57
Q

What are the symptoms for rickets?

A

Bow legs
Deformed spine
Bones that fracture easily
Soft skull (in infants)

58
Q

How can rickets be fixed?

A

Diet high in vitamin D & Calcium

59
Q

What is osteoporosis?

A

Naturally part of ageing.

When bones become thinner, brittle & easily fractured

60
Q

osteoporosis can be worsened by lack of…?

A

Calcium & vitamin D

61
Q

osteoporosis most common found in men or women …. why?

A

Women because calcium may be removed from there bones during child bearing years.

62
Q

Iron is Necessary for what

A

To make hamoglobin

The red pigment in the blood.

63
Q

Wh5 dose hamoglobin do

A

Carries oxygen

64
Q

What vitamin absorbs iron

A

Vitamin c

65
Q

What are the daily iron requirements

A

Teen ~ 12-15 mg (especially girls)
Adult women~ 12-15 mg
Adult men~ 10mg

66
Q

Anaemia is the result of…

A

Shortage of iron in the diet

Sever blood loss

67
Q

What are the symptoms of Anaemia ?

A 
Headaches
Dizziness
Tiredness
Lack of energy 
breathless
68
Q

What is the RDA Of water?

A

2.5L

69
Q

Functions of water….

A

Removes waste (through urine)
Carries nutrients & oxygen
Removes waste from the body through urine
Regulates body temperature by perspiration & evaporation
Act as a source of minerals Eg:fluorine & calcium are dissolved in drinking water.

70
Q

Identify pure water?

A

Colourless

Odourless & tastless

71
Q

Food provides the body with what

A

Energy

72
Q

What happens when Food combines with oxygen in the body

A

Oxidation

73
Q

Energy from food is used for what?

A 
All activities ;
Working of internal organs 
Day to day life
Normal cell & never functioning 
Manufacturing new cells
74
Q

What is the normal body temperature ?

A

37* C

75
Q

What is the basal metabolic rate?

A

It is the least amount of energy needed to stay alive

76
Q

The amount of energy a person needs depends on what?

A

Age
Size
Gender (men need more then women)
Activity levels

Home Ec (9 decks)

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