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Ch.1::Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 nutrients?

A 
Protein
Fat
Carbohydrate
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
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2
Q

What is nutrition?

A

The study of food

- it’s composition, the amounts needed by the body and its effects on the body.

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3
Q

What is “food”?

A

Food is any substance (solid or liquid) that contains nutrients.

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4
Q

What is “nutrient”?

A

Any substance that can be digested (broken down) & used by the body.
All nutrients are made up of elements.

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5
Q

What is an “element”?

A

Is the simplest form of a substance

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6
Q

What is a “balanced diet”?

A

A diet that contains all of the nutrients in the correct amount for the body’s needs .

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7
Q

What dose RDA stand for?

A

Recommend dietary allowance.

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8
Q

What dose GDA stand for?

A

Guideline daily amount

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9
Q

What are micronutrients?

A

Nutrients required in small amounts (minerals and vitamins)

~measured In milligrams and micrograms

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10
Q

What are macronutrients?

A

Nutrients required in large amounts (protein, fat and carbohydrates)
~measured in grams

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11
Q

What is composition?

A

Elements that make up the nutrient & how they are arranged within the nutrient.

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12
Q

Wha is classification?

A

Divided into groups or classes

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13
Q

What is sources?

A

Foods that are the best suppliers of the nutrient

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14
Q

What are functions?

A

How the nutrient is used in the body

And why

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15
Q

Elements

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen:responsible for growth in the body!

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16
Q

What is the most important nutrient?

A

Nitrogen:responsible for growth in the body!

^^ most important

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17
Q

What is protein?

A

A number Of amino acids joined together by petite links to form a chain.

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18
Q

Are the protein chains broken down ?

A

Yes

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19
Q

Animal protein is;

A

1st class & hbv
Hugh biological value
From animal sources

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20
Q

What class is Vegetable protein

A 
2nd class
From veg
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21
Q

Eg of animal protein

A

Meat, fish, milk, eggs, cheese & yogurt

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22
Q

Eg of vegetable protein

A

Peas,beans, lentils,nut & cereals

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23
Q

What are the functions

A

For growth and repair cells and bones
Repair of worn out or damages cells eg; cuts
Hormones

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24
Q

How many Amino acids are there

A

20 approx.

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25
What are fats called
Lipids
26
Lipids=
Fats + oils
27
Fats are soiled at room temp?
Yes
28
Eg of a solid (fat)
Butter
29
What are staple foods?
Foods that are traditionally eaten in a region they are more plentiful & therefore cheaper.
30
What are your 5 senses?
Smell Sight Touch Hearing Taste
31
What tastes are on ur tongue?
Salty Sweet Sour Bitter
32
Factors that effects our choices?
``` Cost Availability Culture Religion Likes and dislikes (the senses) Marketing & advertising Environment & lifestyle ```
33
What are the 2 groups fats are divided into?
Saturated fats & unsaturated fats.
34
What can you find saturated fat in?
Animal sources
35
Eg of saturated fats
Butter meet eggs cheese cream suet & margarine.
36
Eg of unsaturated fats
Oily fish, vegetable oil,nuts & cereals
37
Functions of fats
Produce heat &energy Prevent heat loss by forming an insulating layer under the skin Protect organs such as the kidneys Source of fat-solvable vitamins (a,d,e&k) Delay hunger,as fats take longer to digest than proteins or carbohydrates + flavour to the diet
38
What are the dangers of eating 2 ?
Eating 2 much fat can result in | being over weight or obesity.
39
What are hydrogenated fats?
Hardened vegetable oils used in processed foods such as biscuits, cakes and pastries.
40
What are benefits of eating unsaturated fats in the diet?
Help reduce cholesterol in the blood. Omega fatty acids - thought to reduce the risk of heart disease Improved brain function.
41
Eg of omega fatty acids
Oily fish, seeds & nuts
42
Carbohydrates are made up of what 3 elements?
Carbon, nitrogen & oxygen (CHO)
43
Foods that contain carbohydrates can be divided into 3 units......?
Sugar Starch Cellulose
44
Sources of.. Sugar Starch Cellulose
Sugar: cakes, biscuits, jam,honey,sugar & soft drinks Starch: potatoes, cereals, (wheat, rice,oats), bread & pasta Cellulose: vegetables, fruit, wholegrain cereals,(brown beard, brown rice , some breakfast cereals), seeds & nuts
45
What are the functions of carbohydrates?
Carbohydrate supplies the body with heat & energy Extra carbohydrates is stored as fat, which insulated the body & prevents heat loss. Cellulose aids the digestion of food
46
What is another name for cellulose?
Roughage or dietary fibre.
47
What’s dose cellulose do?
AIDS the digestion by helping food move through the intestines Prevents constipation and diseases eg: bowl cancer. Important to include high - fiber foods In your diet everyday.
48
2 much sugar can lead to ?
Tooth decay & gain too much weight.
49
Hidden sugars are foods that...
May not taste sweet but still contain sugar | Eg: savoury sauces.
50
Sugar is often called what?
Glucose & dextrose.
51
How to reduce sugar content?
Replace sugary snakes with healthier choices eg: fruit & nuts. Water instead of fizzy drinks. Sweeten foods with dried or fresh fruit. Rd. food labels to check for sugar content & hidden sugars
52
What is the name given to 2 groups that vitamins are classified into
Fat-soluble vitamins. | Water-soluable vitamins
53
What are the most important minerals we need?
``` Iron Calcium Phosphorus Iodine Potassium Sodium Chlorine Fluorine Magnesium ```
54
What mineral is most found-in the body?
Calcium
55
What is calcium found in?
Teeth & bones & Also found in mussels and the blood
56
What disease is found in children with bones becoming deformed?
Rickets
57
What are the symptoms for rickets?
Bow legs Deformed spine Bones that fracture easily Soft skull (in infants)
58
How can rickets be fixed?
Diet high in vitamin D & Calcium
59
What is osteoporosis?
Naturally part of ageing. | When bones become thinner, brittle & easily fractured
60
osteoporosis can be worsened by lack of...?
Calcium & vitamin D
61
osteoporosis most common found in men or women .... why?
Women because calcium may be removed from there bones during child bearing years.
62
Iron is Necessary for what
To make hamoglobin | The red pigment in the blood.
63
Wh5 dose hamoglobin do
Carries oxygen
64
What vitamin absorbs iron
Vitamin c
65
What are the daily iron requirements
Teen ~ 12-15 mg (especially girls) Adult women~ 12-15 mg Adult men~ 10mg
66
Anaemia is the result of...
Shortage of iron in the diet | Sever blood loss
67
What are the symptoms of Anaemia ?
``` Headaches Dizziness Tiredness Lack of energy breathless ```
68
What is the RDA Of water?
2.5L
69
Functions of water....
Removes waste (through urine) Carries nutrients & oxygen Removes waste from the body through urine Regulates body temperature by perspiration & evaporation Act as a source of minerals Eg:fluorine & calcium are dissolved in drinking water.
70
Identify pure water?
Colourless | Odourless & tastless
71
Food provides the body with what
Energy
72
What happens when Food combines with oxygen in the body
Oxidation
73
Energy from food is used for what?
``` All activities ; Working of internal organs Day to day life Normal cell & never functioning Manufacturing new cells ```
74
What is the normal body temperature ?
37* C
75
What is the basal metabolic rate?
It is the least amount of energy needed to stay alive
76
The amount of energy a person needs depends on what?
Age Size Gender (men need more then women) Activity levels

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