Ch.1 Microbial World and You

Question 0

3 examples of eukaryotes are?

Answer 0

1. Fungi
2. Protists
3. Helminths

Question 1

What is Microbiology?

Answer 1

The study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification.

Question 2

3 distinctive characteristics of viruses are?

Answer 2

1. Non-living
2. Acellular
3. Nanometers

Question 3

3 distinctive characteristics of prakaryotes?

Answer 3

1. Single-celled
2. No organelles
3. 0.2um to 10um (smaller than RBC’s)

Question 4

3 distinctive characteristics of Eukaryotes?

Answer 4

1. Single-celled
2. Multicellular
3. Organelles

Question 5

3 major groups of eukaryotic pathogens are?

Answer 5

1. Protists
2. Fungi
3. Helminths

Question 6

What is an infectious disease?

Answer 6

A disease in which a pathogen invades a susceptible host in order to carry out a part or all of its life cycle & in the process tends to cause disease.

Question 7

What is a biofilm?

Answer 7

A community of microbes attached to a surface.

Question 8

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe what?

Answer 8

Living microbes

Question 9

John Tyndall & Ferdinand Cohn each demonstrated the presence of what?

Answer 9

Heat resistant forms of some microbes.

Question 10

Ferdinand Cohn discovered what?

Answer 10

Endospores

Question 11

Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis (1847) discovered what?

Answer 11

The correlation of infections with physicians not washing hands while transferring from the autopsy room to the maternity ward.

Question 12

Joseph Lister (1867) introduced what?

Answer 12

Aseptic techniques to reduce microbes in medical settings to prevent infection.

Question 13

Louis Pasteur showed that microbes caused ____ and ____

Answer 13

Fermentation; spoilage

Question 14

In 1861 Louis Pasteur disproved what?

Answer 14

Spontaneous generation of microorganisms.

Question 15

In 1857 Louis Pasteur developed what?

Answer 15

Pasteurization

Question 16

Louis Pasteur developed the ____ vaccine

Answer 16

Rabies

Question 17

Louis Pasteur demonstrated what?

Answer 17

Germ Theory of Disease

Question 18

Robert Koch established what?

Answer 18

Koch’s Postulates

Question 19

What is Koch’s Postulates?

Answer 19

A sequence of experimental steps that verified the germ theory.

Question 20

Robert Koch identified cause of ____, ____ and ______

Answer 20

Anthrax; TB; Cholera

Question 21

Robert Koch developed what kind of methods?

Answer 21

Pure Culture

Question 22

Koch’s Postulates is used to determine what?

Answer 22

The causative or etiological agent of infectious disease.

Question 23

What is an etiological agent?

Answer 23

Cause of infectious disease.

Question 24

What is the first step of Koch's Postulate?

Answer 24

Find evidence of a particular microbe in every case of a disease.

Question 25

What is the second step of Koch's Postulates?

Answer 25

Isolate that microbe from an infected subject and cultivate it artificially in the laboratory.

Question 26

What is the third step in Koch's Postulates?

Answer 26

Inoculate a susceptible healthy subject with the laboratory isolate and observe the same signs & symptoms of the disease.

Question 27

What is the fourth step of Koch's Postulates?

Answer 27

Re-isolate the agent from this subject & show that it is the same!

Question 28

What is Evolution?

Answer 28

- Descent with modification - All new species evolve from preexisting species - All life on earth shares a common ancestors and have similarities

Question 29

What are Adaptations?

Answer 29

Allow for survival and reproduction

Question 30

What are the step of the Scientific Method?

Answer 30

1. Observe 2. Question 3. Hypothesis 4. Prediction 5. Experiment 6. Confirm OR Refute hypothesis or prediction 7. Repeat and Communicate

Question 31

What is the Scientific Theory?

Answer 31

Explanation for natural phenomenas that has been tested many times, many different ways and not yet proven false.