Ch. 4 Microscopes

Question 0

What are different kinds of Light Microscopes?

Answer 0

Compound, Stereo, and Laser Confocal

Question 1

What is Resolution?

Answer 1

Minimum distance two points can be apart and still be distinguished as separate

Question 2

What are the different types of Electron Microscopes?

Answer 2

1. Scanning (surface)

2. Transmission (inside)

Question 3

To be living you must…

Answer 3

1. Order
2. Evolutionary Adaptation
3. Response to the Environment
4. Regulation
5. Energy Processing
6. Growth and Development
7. Reproduction

Question 4

Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells?

Answer 4

1. DNA usually not enclosed in a membrane
2. DNA not associated with histones
3. Lack organelles
4. Cell wall usually made of peptidoglycan
5. Divide by binary fission (asexual process)

Question 5

Characteristics of Eukaryotic Cells?

Answer 5

1. DNA in a nucleus and packed using histones
2. Lots of organelles
3. Cell wall chemically different when present
4. Cell division involves cytokinesis/mitosis

Question 6

Coccus or Cocci

Answer 6

Round

Question 7

Bacillus or Bacilli

Answer 7

Rod

Question 8

Coccobacillus

Answer 8

Short/plump rod

Question 9

Vibrio

Answer 9

Curved rod

Question 10

Spirillum

Answer 10

Short, rigid helical rod

Question 11

Spirochete

Answer 11

Long, flexible helical rod

Question 12

What is Arrangement?

Answer 12

Grouping of bacterial cells

Question 13

How is Arrangement determined?

Answer 13

By how cells divide and remain attached after division

Question 14

What is Glycocalyx?

Answer 14

Sugar/ protein coat outside the cell wall

Question 15

What are 2 types of Glycocalyx?

Answer 15

1. Slime layer-loosely organized and attached

2. Capsule-highly organized and tightly attached

Question 16

What are the functions of Glycocalyx?

Answer 16

1. Protect against dehydration and nutrient loss
2. Inhibit WBC phagocytosis
   
   • More pathogenic
3. Attachment help form biofilm

Question 17

What is Monotrichous?

Answer 17

Single

Question 18

What is Lophotrichous?

Answer 18

Small bunches at one end

Question 19

What is Amphitrichous?

Answer 19

Flagella at both ends of cell

Question 20

What is Peritrichous?

Answer 20

All over surface and slowest

Question 21

What is Sex Pili?

Answer 21

Appendage used to transfer DNA

Question 22

Cell wall of G+

Answer 22

1. Thick layer of PG, periplasmic space, PM

2. Teichoic and lipoteichoic acids extend through PG

Question 23

Cell wall of G-

Answer 23

1. Outer membrane, space, thin layer of PG, space, inner membrane

Question 24

Gram Stain

Answer 24

1. Important for classification and identification

2. Used to diagnose infection and guide drug treatment

Question 25

Mycoplasma

Answer 25

Very small intracellular parasites, have sterols in CM that prevent lysis

Question 26

Pleomorphic

Answer 26

Great variation in shape

Question 27

Sporulation

Answer 27

Formation of endospores

Question 28

Germination

Answer 28

Return to vegetative growth

Question 29

Nucleoid

Answer 29

Region where DNA in cells is found

Question 30

Ribosomes

Answer 30

Make proteins

Question 31

Inclusion bodies

Answer 31

Intracellular storage

Question 32

Plasmids

Answer 32

Small circular pieces of DNA, often carry genes for antibiotic/toxin/metal resistance