Ch. 5 Microbial Metabolism

Question 0

Metabolic Pathway

Answer 0

A sequence of chemical reactions inside a cell

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

All the chemical reactions inside a cell

Question 2

Anabolism

Answer 2

Chemical reactions that use NRG to make bigger molecules from smaller ones

Question 3

Catabolism

Answer 3

Chemical reactions that release NRG by breaking chemical bonds

Question 4

Endergonic

Answer 4

Requires NRG to occur, products have more NRG than reactants

Question 5

Exergonic

Answer 5

Releases NRG, products have less NRG than reactants

Question 6

Enzymes

Answer 6

Catalyze chemical reactions in a living cell

Question 7

Active Site

Answer 7

Where substrate binds to enzyme-binding is specific

Question 8

Inhibitor

Answer 8

Substance that binds to an enzyme and lowers activity

Question 9

Competitive Inhibitors

Answer 9

Competes with substrate for active site

Question 10

Noncompetitive Inhibitors

Answer 10

Binds to enzyme at a location other than the active site

Question 11

Allosteric Site

Answer 11

On/Off switch

Question 12

Activator

Answer 12

Substance that binds to an enzyme and increases activity

Question 13

Cofactors

Answer 13

Molecules that help enzymes

Question 14

Oxidation

Answer 14

Atom loses e-

Question 15

Reduction

Answer 15

Atom gains e-

Question 16

Biological Oxidation

Answer 16

Dehydrogenation bc H atom is also lost w/ e-

Question 17

Substrate-level Phosphorylation

Answer 17

Enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule to ADP, seen in Glycolysis.

Question 18

Oxidative Phosphosrylation

Answer 18

Last step of respiration where H+ ions moved across membrane by ETC provide NRG to ATP Synthase so it can add iP to ADP, process requires a final e- acceptor like Oxygen or another molecule.

Question 19

Embden-Meyerhof

Answer 19

Most common form of glycolysis as route for glucose and other hexoses

Question 20

Entner-Doudoroff

Answer 20

Used by G- bac soil and a few G+ bac

Makes 1 net ATP

Question 21

Pentose-Phosphate

Answer 21

Used aerobically or anaerobically and at same time as EMP or EDP

Question 22

What are the steps of Respiration?

Answer 22

1. Glycolysis
2. Oxidation of Pyruvate
3. Kreb’s Cycle
4. ETC

Question 23

What happens in Oxidation of Pyruvate?

Answer 23

IN: Pyruvate
OUT: Acetyl CoA, CO2, and NADH

Question 24

What happens in the Kreb’s Cycle?

Answer 24

IN: Last 2 Carbons of Pyruvate carried by Acetyl CoA
OUT: NADH, FADH2, 2 ATP, CO2

Question 25

The final electron acceptor in Aerobic Cellular Respiration is what?

Answer 25

Oxygen

Question 26

The final electron acceptor in Anaerobic Cellular Respiration is what?

Answer 26

Inorganic or Organic; not oxygen

Question 27

What are 2 common types of Fermentation?

Answer 27

1. Alcoholic Fermentation

2. Lactic Acid Fermentation

Question 28

What happens in Alcoholic Fermentation?

Answer 28

Pyruvate reduced to CO2 and Ethanol

Question 29

What happens in Lactic Acid Fermentation?

Answer 29

Pyruvate reduced to lactic acid
Homolactic(just lactic acid)
Heteroactic(lactic+other acids)

Question 30

Extracellular Lipases

Answer 30

Breakdown lipids to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 31

Beta Oxidation

Answer 31

oxidation of fatty acids into 2 carbon units, enters Kreb’s Cycle as Acetyl CoA

Question 32

Example Tests

Answer 32

Often detect by production of certain chemical products that cause a color change bc of a change in pH

Question 33

Amination

Answer 33

Add amino group to pyruvate or another organic acid

Question 34

Transamination

Answer 34

Remove amino group from old aa