[Ch.1] Adjusting to Modern Life

Question 1

What is empiricism

Answer 1

The theory that knowledge should be acquired through systematic observation rather than speculation, beliefs, or common sense

Question 2

What factors are very important in terms of happiness

Answer 2

Romantic relationships; Work; Genetic predisposition (personality)

Question 3

Fixed mindset vs Growth mindset

Answer 3

Fixed: belief that one’s abilities or intelligence is a fixed trait that cannot be changed.
Growth: belief that one’s abilities or intelligence is changeable and that hard work pays off.

Question 4

What is somewhat important in terms of happiness

Answer 4

Health; Social relations; Religious beliefs; Culture

Question 4

Name two examples of visual mnemonics

Answer 4

The “link method” and the “method of loci”

Question 5

Name two examples of verbal mnemonics

Answer 5

Acronyms and Acrostics

Question 6

What is adjustment

Answer 6

The psychological processes through which people manage/cope with the demands of everyday life

Question 7

What is behaviour

Answer 7

Any response or activity by an organism (overt)

Question 8

What is an independent variable

Answer 8

A condition or event that an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another variable

Question 9

What is a dependent variable

Answer 9

The outcome variable of interest - the variable that’s thought to be affected by the manipulation of the IV

Question 10

What is an experimental group

Answer 10

Participants who receive some special treatment in regard to the IV (group that receives treatment we’re investigating

Question 11

What is a control group

Answer 11

Participants who don’t receive special treatment in regard to the IV

Question 12

How do you measure correlation between two variables

Answer 12

Correlation coefficient

Question 13

What is a case study

Answer 13

An in-depth investigation of an individual subject

Question 14

What is the principal advantage of experimental research

Answer 14

It allows the researcher to draw cause-and-effect conclusions

Question 15

What is the paradox of progress

Answer 15

Refers to the idea that while society makes advancements many people still feel unhappy or dissatisfied. Even though we have more conveniences and opportunities than ever, issues like stress, inequality, and environmental concerns can overshadow our progress.
Despite our material progress, deeper emotional and social challenges remain, creating a paradox where more doesn’t always lead to greater happiness.

Question 16

What is the era of extraordinary affluence

Answer 16

It describes a time when people in developed countries experienced significant increases in wealth and quality of life. However, this wealth isn’t evenly distributed, and the pressures of modern life can lead to feelings of anxiety and isolation

Question 17

Affluenza

Answer 17

Describes a condition where people feel overwhelmed by the pressures and demands of wealth and consumerism.
(overconsumption leads to debt, which leads to stress, anxiety, and decreased emotional and physical health)