CH1 A&P Intro

Question 1

What is anatomy?

Answer 1

the study of the STRUCTURE of the human body

Question 2

What is physiology?

Answer 2

the study of the FUNCTION of the human body

Question 3

What does “tome” mean in Greek?

Answer 3

to cut

Question 4

3 descriptions of the STRUCTURES of the body:

Answer 4

• what they are made of
• where they are located
• associated structures

Question 5

TRUE/FALSE

All physiological functions are performed by specific anatomical structures

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

What is the principle of complimentary?

Answer 6

STRUCTURE and FUNCTION are always complimentary. FUNCTION always reflects STRUCTURE.

Question 7

What are the 2 major forms of anatomy?

Answer 7

Gross (Macroscopic) Anatomy & Microscopic Anatomy

Question 8

What is the definition of Gross Anatomy?

Answer 8

The study of structures large enough to see with the unaided eye

Question 9

List 3 types of Gross Anatomy

Answer 9

• Surface Anatomy (study of superficial markings)
• Regional Anatomy (study of specific areas of the body)
• Systemic Anatomy (Study of the 11* specific organ systems)

Question 10

What are the 11* organ systems

Answer 10

• Muscular
• Urinary
• Respiratory
• Digestive
• Endocrine*
• Reproductive
• Skeletal*
• Lymphatic
• Integumentary*
• Nervous*
• Cardivascular

Question 11

What is an organ system?

Answer 11

Organs that work together

Question 12

List the 2 types of Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 12

• Cytology (cells)

- Histology (tissue)

Question 13

What are the levels of Structural Organization of the Human Body

Answer 13

• atoms
• molecules
• macromolecules
• organelles
• cells
• tissue
• organ
• organ system
• human organism

Question 14

What are the distinguishable processes of life?

Answer 14

• Digestion (break down of food substances)
• Reproduction
• Absorption (passage of substances thru membranes/body fluids)
• Growth (increase in size w/o change in shape)
• Circulation (movement of substance thru body)
• Assimilation (change absorbed substances chemically)
• Respiration (use of oxygen)
• Excretion (removal of waste products)
• Movement (change in position)
• Responsiveness (reaction to change)

Question 15

What is metabolism?

Answer 15

Chemical processes that let you stay alive

Question 16

What types of reactions does metabolism include?

Answer 16

Anabolic & Catabolic

Question 17

What is a catabolic reaction?

Answer 17

Breaks down materials and releases energy

Question 18

What is a anabolic reaction?

Answer 18

A building reaction that consumes energy

Question 19

What is homeostasis?

Answer 19

The ability of an entity to respond to it’s environment and maintain stability (FEEDBACK SYSTEM)

Question 20

What are the 3 parts of a Feedback System?

Answer 20

-Receptor
(something to sense the environment)

-Control Center
(mechanism that monitors & processes info from the receptor)

-Effector
(mechanism that responds to the control center)

Question 21

What is the complete (5) step process to homeostasis?

Answer 21

1. Stimulus
2. Receptor
3. Input (to control center)
4. Output
5. Response (effector)

Question 22

What are the 2 feedback loops of homeostasis?

Answer 22

• Negative (opposite reaction to maintain current state) (**most common)
• Positive (more of the same to change body status)

Question 23

What are the 4 basic parts of a NEGATIVE feedback loop?

Answer 23

1. Stimulus
2. Sensor
3. Control
4. Effector

Question 24

What are the (5) environmental needs for homeostasis?

Answer 24

1. Nutrients (energy)
2. Oxygen (cellular respiration)
3. Water (metabolic reaction / lubrication)
4. Heat (maintain body temp / enzyme action)
5. Pressure (breathing / filtering blood thru kidneys)