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Ecotoxicology > Ch.1 > Flashcards

Ch.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dilution paradigm?

A

“The solution to pollution is dilution”

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2
Q

What is the Boomerang paradigm

A

“What you throw away can come back and hurt you”

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3
Q

Incidents that changed the paradigm from dilution to boomerang

A
  • Minamata Bay
  • Ouch ouch disease
  • Radiation in air
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4
Q

Explain minamata bay

A
  • Discharge of Hg
  • Accumulation in food web (ch3hgch3)
  • Chronic symptoms (Headaches/ Fatigue..)
  • in utero effects (poor speach/walking)
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5
Q

Explain itai-itai disease

A
  • Name comes from how painful condition is
  • brittle bones
  • mining in Jinzu River for Zn, Cu, Pb
  • Slag contaminated river from holding pond
  • Cd poisoning was the cause
  • Replaces Ca in bones
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6
Q

When and why did radionuclides become a concern

A
  • Open air testing
  • detonations
  • hemispheric dispersal much more rapid than expected
  • fission products begin to rapidly accumulate in food chain
  • Human body burdens of ^137 Cs increase rapidly
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7
Q

What are the different units radiation can be measured in?

A
  • Curies (2.2x10^6 dpm or 3.7 x 10^4 dps )
  • Dpm (disintegrations per minute)
  • Dps (“ “ “ second)
  • Becquerel (1 dps) =SI unit for measuring radioactivity
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8
Q

How many curies are in a becquerel

A

1 curie = 3.7 x 10^4 Bq

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9
Q

What’s an example of food chain bioaccumulation

A

Veggies -> cows milk -> man -> cancer

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10
Q

What is an example of a plutonium release due to a fire

A
  • 1957
  • NW england
  • 20,000 Curies 131^ I
  • Released during fire and firefighting
  • 2 mil L of milk dumped into ocean
  • Case was classified
  • lots of people got cancer
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11
Q

What are some examples of recent nuclear releases

A
  • Three mile island (1979), 3curies were released , 965M to clean
  • Chernobyl (1986), Core melt down, 301 M curies released
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12
Q

Explainthe Amoco Cadiz oil spill

A
  • 1978
  • 68.7M gallons
  • 6th biggest spill
  • By france
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13
Q

Explain the Exxon Valdez oil spill

A
  • 1989
  • 41,340 M^3 spilled
  • area: Prince William Sound
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14
Q

What is one reason its good to understand ecotox

A
  • mickie will pass you

- essential for cost benefit analysis of technology and industry

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15
Q

What is the value from the services from nature?

A

$33 trillion (US) annually

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16
Q

What was the definition of environmental toxicology in 1980

A

The study of the effects of toxic substances occurring in both natural and manmade environments

17
Q

What was the definition of environmental toxicology in 1995

A

The study of the impacts of pollutants upon the structure and function of ecological systems (molecular to ecosystem)

18
Q

What is the definition of ecotoxicology in 1998

A

The science of contaminants in the biosphere and their effects on constituents of that biosphere including humans

19
Q

Define Pollutant

A

a substance that occurs in the environment at least in part due to human activities and which has a deleterious effect on living organisms

20
Q

Define Contaminant

A

a substance released by human activity

21
Q

Define Xenobiotic

A

a foreign (usually manufactured) chemical or material not produced in nature and not normally considered a constitutive component of a specified biological system

22
Q

Define Stress

A

a response to or an effect of a recent disorganizing or detrimental factor at any level of ecological organization. This can be cellular stress or “fight or flight” responses.

23
Q

Define stressor

A

Anything that produces stress

24
Q

Define the lorax incongruity

A

The delusion of selfless motivation in environmental stewardship and advocacy

25
Q

why is the lorax incongruity a problem

A
  • decisions are generally based on the perceived value of services provided by intact ecosystems relative to technological goods and services
  • can cause well-intentioned narrow-mindedness
  • different values may cause problems

Ecotoxicology (13 decks)

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