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Human A&P > Ch.1 > Flashcards

Ch.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Structure of body parts

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Function of the body

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3
Q

Gross Anatomy or Macroscopic Anatomy

A

the Study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

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4
Q

Regional anatomy

A

All the structures in a particular region of the body

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5
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

body structure is studied systme by system

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6
Q

surface anatomy

A

the study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

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7
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

deals with structures to small to be seen with the naked eye

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8
Q

Developmenatal anatomy

A

traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span

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9
Q

Embryology

A

a subdivison of developmental anatomy

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10
Q

Renal physiology

A

concerns kidny function and urine production

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11
Q

Neurophysiology

A

explains the working of the nervous system

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12
Q

Cardiovascular Physiology

A

examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

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13
Q

principle of complementarity of structure and function

A

what a structure can do depends on its specific form

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14
Q

Chemical level of structure

A

simplest level of strucural hierachy

at this level atoms combine to form molecules

molecules form organelles the basic components of the microscopic cells

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15
Q

Cellular level

A

All cells have some common functions

but individual cells vary in size and shape

reflecting unique functions

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16
Q

Tissues level

A

tissue are groups of similar cells that have a common function

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17
Q

Organ Level

A

Preforme extremely complex functions

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18
Q

Organ system Level

A

organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

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19
Q

Maintaining Boundraies

A

living organism must keep its internal enviroment distinct from its surroundings

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20
Q

Movement

A

includes the activities promoted by the muscular system

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21
Q

Responsiveness or excitability

A

the ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them

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22
Q

Digestion

A

the breakdwon of ingested food to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood

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23
Q

Metabloism

A

A broad term that includes all chemical reactions that occur within body cells

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24
Q

Excretion

A

the process of removing waste frome the body

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25
Reproduction
occurs at the cellular and organismal level
26
Growth
a increase in the size of a abody part or the organism as a whole
27
Integumentary System
Hair,Skin Nails forms external body covering and proctects deepr tissues from injury
28
Skeletal System
Bones, Joints protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement
29
Muscular system
all the muscles in the body allows manipulation of the enviroment and movement
30
Lymphatic system / Immunity
bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, spleen, lymphnodes picks up fluid leaked from blood bessels and returns it to blood, disposes of debris, houses white blood cells, invloved with immune responses
31
Digestive System
Breaks down food into absorbale units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
32
Respiratory system
keeps blood constanly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide
33
Nervous System
as the fast acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external changes by activating the appropriate muscles and glands
34
Endocrine System
Glands secrete hormones that regualte processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use by body cells
35
Caridovascular System
blood vessels trasport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioide, nutrients waste ect. the heart pumps blood
36
Urinary System
eleminates nitogenous wastes from the body, regulates water, electrolyte and acid base balance of the blood
37
Reproductive System
overal function is production of offspring
38
Survival Needs
Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Normal body temputure and appropriate atmospheric pressure
39
Homeostais
the ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite the outside world that changes continously is a dynamic state of quilibrium or ballance in wich internal conditions vary, but always within relatively narrow limits
40
Homeostatic Control
control mechanism are processes invlovling at least three componets Receptors, Control center, Effector
41
receptor
is some type of sensor that monitor the environment and responds to changes canlled stimuli
42
Control center
determines the set point which is the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained
43
Effector
provies the means for the control center response(output) to the stimulus
44
Negative Feedback Mechanisms
the output shuts off the original effect of the stumulus or reduces its intesnsity these mechanisms cause the variable to chage in a direction opposite to that of the initial change
45
Positive Feedback Mechanisms
the result or response enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated
46
Anatomical Position
standing at attention, arms down at the side palms facing forword
47
Superior (craniol)
Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; Above
48
Inferior (caudal)
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or body; Below
49
Ventral (anterior)
toward or at the front of the body in front of
50
Dorsal (posterior)
toward or at the back of the body behind
51
Medial
toward or at the midline of the body on the inner side of
52
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body on the outer side of
53
Intermediate
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
54
Proximal
closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
55
Distal
farther from the orgin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
56
Superficial (external)
toward or at the body surface
57
Deep (internal)
Away from the body surface more internal
58
The Axial Part
Makes up the main axis of our body
59
the appendicular part
consists of the appendages or limbs that are attached to the body
60
Sagital plane
verticle plane that divides the the body into right and left parts
61
Midsagittal plane (median plane)
sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline
62
parasagittal planes
sagittal planes that are offset from the midline
63
Frontal planes (coronal plane)
lie vertically, divide the body into anterior and posterior parts
64
Transverse Plane (horizontal plane)
runs horizontally from right to left dividing the body into superior and inferior parts
65
Oblique sections
cuts that are made diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical planes seldom used
66
Dorsal Body Cavity
protect the fragile nervous system organs, has two subdivisions (cranial cavity and vertebral or spinal cavity)
67
Cranial cavity
the skull, encases the brain
68
Verebral or Spinal cavitiy
runs withing the bony vertebral column, encloses the delicate spinal cord
69
Ventral Body Cavity
more anterior and large of the closed body cavity's has two major subdivions thoracic cavity and abdominoplelvic cavity)
70
Thoracic cavity
is surrounded by the ribs and muscles of the chest is further divided into pleural cavities (enveloping the lung) and mediastinum that contains the heard and the remaining thoracic organs
71
Abdominopelvic Cavity
has two cavities the abdominal cavity holds the stomach, intestine, spleen, liver, and other organs pelvic cavity lies in the bony pelvis and contains the urninary bladder some reproductive organs and the rectum
72
serosa or serous membrane
a thin double layered membran cover the walls of the ventral body cavity
73
Parietal serosa
the part of the membrane lining the cavity walls
74
visceral serosa
when the parietal serosa folds in on itself it froms the visceral serosa covering organs in the cavity
75
Abdominoplevic regions and quadrants
has four regions named according to their positions from the subjects point of view Right upper quadrant (RUQ) Left upper quadrant (LUQ) Right lower quadrant (RLQ) Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
76
umbilical region
the centermost region deep to and surrounding the umbilicus (navel)
77
epigastric regions
located superior to the umbilical region
78
hypogastric region
(pubic) located inferior to the umbilical region
79
(right/left) Iliac or inguinal regions
located lateral to the hypogastric region
80
(right/left) lumbar region
lateral to the umbilical region
81
(left/right) hypochondriac regions
lies lateral to the epigastric region and deep to the ribs
82
synovial cavities
Joint cavities, that are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround freely movable joints of the body (elbow, knee ect)
83

Human A&P (13 decks)

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