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Human A&P > Ch.1 > Flashcards

Ch.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Structure of body parts

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Function of the body

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3
Q

Gross Anatomy or Macroscopic Anatomy

A

the Study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

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4
Q

Regional anatomy

A

All the structures in a particular region of the body

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5
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

body structure is studied systme by system

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6
Q

surface anatomy

A

the study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

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7
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

deals with structures to small to be seen with the naked eye

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8
Q

Developmenatal anatomy

A

traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span

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9
Q

Embryology

A

a subdivison of developmental anatomy

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10
Q

Renal physiology

A

concerns kidny function and urine production

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11
Q

Neurophysiology

A

explains the working of the nervous system

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12
Q

Cardiovascular Physiology

A

examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels

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13
Q

principle of complementarity of structure and function

A

what a structure can do depends on its specific form

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14
Q

Chemical level of structure

A

simplest level of strucural hierachy

at this level atoms combine to form molecules

molecules form organelles the basic components of the microscopic cells

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15
Q

Cellular level

A

All cells have some common functions

but individual cells vary in size and shape

reflecting unique functions

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16
Q

Tissues level

A

tissue are groups of similar cells that have a common function

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17
Q

Organ Level

A

Preforme extremely complex functions

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18
Q

Organ system Level

A

organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose

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19
Q

Maintaining Boundraies

A

living organism must keep its internal enviroment distinct from its surroundings

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20
Q

Movement

A

includes the activities promoted by the muscular system

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21
Q

Responsiveness or excitability

A

the ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them

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22
Q

Digestion

A

the breakdwon of ingested food to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood

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23
Q

Metabloism

A

A broad term that includes all chemical reactions that occur within body cells

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24
Q

Excretion

A

the process of removing waste frome the body

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25
Q

Reproduction

A

occurs at the cellular and organismal level

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26
Q

Growth

A

a increase in the size of a abody part or the organism as a whole

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27
Q

Integumentary System

A

Hair,Skin Nails

forms external body covering and proctects deepr tissues from injury

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28
Q

Skeletal System

A

Bones, Joints

protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement

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29
Q

Muscular system

A

all the muscles in the body

allows manipulation of the enviroment and movement

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30
Q

Lymphatic system / Immunity

A

bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, thoracic duct, spleen, lymphnodes

picks up fluid leaked from blood bessels and returns it to blood, disposes of debris, houses white blood cells, invloved with immune responses

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31
Q

Digestive System

A

Breaks down food into absorbale units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells

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32
Q

Respiratory system

A

keeps blood constanly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

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33
Q

Nervous System

A

as the fast acting control system of the body, it responds to internal and external changes by activating the appropriate muscles and glands

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34
Q

Endocrine System

A

Glands secrete hormones that regualte processes such as growth, reproduction and nutrient use by body cells

35
Q

Caridovascular System

A

blood vessels trasport blood which carries oxygen, carbon dioide, nutrients waste ect. the heart pumps blood

36
Q

Urinary System

A

eleminates nitogenous wastes from the body, regulates water, electrolyte and acid base balance of the blood

37
Q

Reproductive System

A

overal function is production of offspring

38
Q

Survival Needs

A

Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Normal body temputure and appropriate atmospheric pressure

39
Q

Homeostais

A

the ability to maintain relatively stable internal conditions despite the outside world that changes continously

is a dynamic state of quilibrium or ballance in wich internal conditions vary, but always within relatively narrow limits

40
Q

Homeostatic Control

A

control mechanism are processes invlovling at least three componets

Receptors, Control center, Effector

41
Q

receptor

A

is some type of sensor that monitor the environment and responds to changes canlled stimuli

42
Q

Control center

A

determines the set point which is the level or range at which a variable is to be maintained

43
Q

Effector

A

provies the means for the control center response(output) to the stimulus

44
Q

Negative Feedback Mechanisms

A

the output shuts off the original effect of the stumulus or reduces its intesnsity

these mechanisms cause the variable to chage in a direction opposite to that of the initial change

45
Q

Positive Feedback Mechanisms

A

the result or response enhances the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated

46
Q

Anatomical Position

A

standing at attention, arms down at the side palms facing forword

47
Q

Superior (craniol)

A

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body;

Above

48
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or body;

Below

49
Q

Ventral (anterior)

A

toward or at the front of the body

in front of

50
Q

Dorsal (posterior)

A

toward or at the back of the body

behind

51
Q

Medial

A

toward or at the midline of the body

on the inner side of

52
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

on the outer side of

53
Q

Intermediate

A

between a more medial and a more lateral structure

54
Q

Proximal

A

closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

55
Q

Distal

A

farther from the orgin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

56
Q

Superficial (external)

A

toward or at the body surface

57
Q

Deep (internal)

A

Away from the body surface

more internal

58
Q

The Axial Part

A

Makes up the main axis of our body

59
Q

the appendicular part

A

consists of the appendages or limbs that are attached to the body

60
Q

Sagital plane

A

verticle plane that divides the the body into right and left parts

61
Q

Midsagittal plane (median plane)

A

sagittal plane that lies exactly in the midline

62
Q

parasagittal planes

A

sagittal planes that are offset from the midline

63
Q

Frontal planes (coronal plane)

A

lie vertically, divide the body into anterior and posterior parts

64
Q

Transverse Plane (horizontal plane)

A

runs horizontally from right to left dividing the body into superior and inferior parts

65
Q

Oblique sections

A

cuts that are made diagonally between the horizontal and the vertical planes

seldom used

66
Q

Dorsal Body Cavity

A

protect the fragile nervous system organs, has two subdivisions (cranial cavity and vertebral or spinal cavity)

67
Q

Cranial cavity

A

the skull, encases the brain

68
Q

Verebral or Spinal cavitiy

A

runs withing the bony vertebral column, encloses the delicate spinal cord

69
Q

Ventral Body Cavity

A

more anterior and large of the closed body cavity’s

has two major subdivions thoracic cavity and abdominoplelvic cavity)

70
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

is surrounded by the ribs and muscles of the chest

is further divided into pleural cavities (enveloping the lung) and mediastinum that contains the heard and the remaining thoracic organs

71
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

has two cavities

the abdominal cavity holds the stomach, intestine, spleen, liver, and other organs

pelvic cavity lies in the bony pelvis and contains the urninary bladder some reproductive organs and the rectum

72
Q

serosa or serous membrane

A

a thin double layered membran cover the walls of the ventral body cavity

73
Q

Parietal serosa

A

the part of the membrane lining the cavity walls

74
Q

visceral serosa

A

when the parietal serosa folds in on itself it froms the visceral serosa covering organs in the cavity

75
Q

Abdominoplevic regions and quadrants

A

has four regions named according to their positions from the subjects point of view

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

76
Q

umbilical region

A

the centermost region deep to and surrounding the umbilicus (navel)

77
Q

epigastric regions

A

located superior to the umbilical region

78
Q

hypogastric region

A

(pubic) located inferior to the umbilical region

79
Q

(right/left) Iliac or inguinal regions

A

located lateral to the hypogastric region

80
Q

(right/left) lumbar region

A

lateral to the umbilical region

81
Q

(left/right) hypochondriac regions

A

lies lateral to the epigastric region and deep to the ribs

82
Q

synovial cavities

A

Joint cavities, that are enclosed within fibrous capsules that surround freely movable joints of the body (elbow, knee ect)

83
Q
A

Human A&P (13 decks)

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