CH06 - Telecommunications and networking Flashcards
What’s the definition of a computer network?
A system that connects computers and other devices via communications media so that data and information can be transmitted among them
What are the 4 types of enterprise network?
- PANS
- LAN
- WAN
- MANS
What is a PAN?
A Short-range network (typically few meters)
What is a LAN?
A network Limited geographical region coverage – Your apartment building, for example
LANs are embedded meaning that they are connected to the backbone WAN in an enterprise environment.
What is a WAN?
A network with Larger area coverage. (The internet)
What is a MAN?
A relatively large network (Metro-politan area networks)
What is a MAN?
A relatively large network (Metro-politan area networks)
What’s a backbone network?
High-speed central networks to which multiple smaller networks (e.g., LANs and smaller WANs) connect.
→ To connect them physically together we use Network interface card (See image)
What’s a server?
It is a dedicated computer to assure the functionality of your network
What’s the bandwidth
It is the transmission capacity of a network (bits/second).
What’s a broadband?
The transmission capacity of a communications medium that is faster than 50 Mbps.
What’s the Ethernet?
It’s a common area network protocol
What are the 2 network fundamentals?
- Network Protocols
- Types of Network Processing
What is a network protocol?
- Devices/nodes on a network that transmit and receive data.
- They work together by adhering to a common set of rules and procedures (protocol)
- Protocols enable devices to communicate with one another.
What are the 2 major network protocols?
- Ethernet protocol
- Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol.
What’s an Ethernet protocol?
- A common LAN protocol
- Sets a way to connect computers
- The 400-gigabit Ethernet is the latest standard for high-speed network communications based on Ethernet protocol.
What’s a Transmission control protocol (TCP)?
- manages the movement of data packets between computers by establishing a connection between the computers
- sequences the transfer of packets
- acknowledges the packets that have been transmitted.
A file transfer protocol that can send large files of information across sometimes unreliable networks with the assurance that the data will arrive uncorrupted.
What’s packet switching?
The transmission technology that divides blocks of text into packets.
- Before data are transmitted over the Internet, they are divided into small, fixed bundles called packets.
- Single message is broken into multiple message blocks
- Each message block containing addressing info (IP address) to indicate point of origin and final destination.
- Packet-switching networks are reliable and fault tolerant. ** **IMPORTANT
- If a path in the network is very busy or broken, packets can be dynamically (“on the fly”) rerouted around that path. Also, if one or more packets do not get to the receiving computer, then only those packets need to be resent.
The 4 Layers of TCP/IP (IMPORTANT)
- Application layer enables client application programs to access other layers. It defines the protocols that applications use to exchange data (HTTP, SMPT)
→ Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), which defines how messages are formu- lated and how they are interpreted by their receivers.
- Transport layer provides the application layer with communication and packet services. (TCP)
- Internet layer is responsible for addressing, routing, and packaging data packets. (IP protocol)
- Network interface layer places packets on, and receives them from, the network medium.
What are the components of the Internet architecture?
- Network Access Points (NAPS) - Designated locations where many other different high-level networks can connect to the vBNS. (Very high-speed backbone network services)
- NAP: Exchange points for Internet traffic
- “Network Access Point” is of historical interest only, since the four transitional NAPs disappeared long ago, replaced by modern Internet Exchange Points (IXPs)
- Internet Service Providers (ISP) - Infrastructure provider
Other Communications Media and Channels (Backbones)
- Twisted-pair wire
- Coaxial Cable
- Fiber optic
What are the components of an IP address?
- A rest field is an identifier that is specific to a given host or network interface.
- A routing prefix is often expressed using Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation for both IPv4 and IPV6.
- City, Zip code and area code are also included in the IP address, a certain numerical combination represent a certain zip code etc.
Domaine names
A name related to an IP address easier to remember (Ex: for a customer)
What’s Uniform Resource Locator (URL)?
It’s the web address (SEE IMAGE REALLY HELPFUL)
For example, the URL for Microsoft is http://www.microsoft.com. Recall that HTTP stands for hypertext transport protocol. The remain- ing letters in this URL—www.microsoft.com—indicate the domain name that identifies the web server that stores the website.
