CH03 - Ethics and Privacy Flashcards
Definition of Ethics
It refers to the principles of right and wrong that individuals use to make choices that guide their behavior.
The terms unethical or ethical describe an individual’s subjective moral judgment of right / wrong or good/bad
What are the 5 ethical frameworks?
- Utilitarian
- Rights
- Fairness
- Common good
- Deontology approach
What’s the Utilitarian approach?
states that an ethical action is the one that provides the most good or does the least harm.
The ethical corporate action would be the one that produces the greatest good and does the least harm for all affected parties—customers, employees, shareholders, the community, and the physical environment.
What’s the Rights approach?
an ethical action is the one that best protects and respects the moral rights of the affected parties.
(who has what right? Can we list them all and agree upon them?)
What’s the Fairness approach?
posits that ethical actions treat all human beings equally, or, if unequally, then fairly, based on some defensible standard.
For example, most people might believe it is fair to pay people higher salaries if they work harder or if they contribute a greater amount to the firm. However, there is less certainty regarding CEO salaries that are hundreds or thousands of times larger than those of other employees.
What’s the common good approach?
This approach argues that respect and compassion for all others is the basis for ethical actions. It emphasizes the common conditions that are important to the welfare of everyone.
These conditions can include a system of laws, effective police and fire departments, health care, a public educational system, and even public recreation areas.
What’s the Deontology approach?
morality of an action is based on whether that action itself is right or wrong under a series of rules - not based on consequences of the action
(forget about self-defense)
What are the steps for the ethical decision-making Traditional approach?
(IMPORTANT + TABLE)
- Recognize an ethical issue
- Get the facts
- Evaluate alternatives actions
- Make a decision and test it
What are the steps for the ethical decision-making
Giving voice to value approach? (IMPORTANT + TABLE)
- Identify an ethical issue
- Purpose and choice
- Stakeholders analysis
- Powerful response
- Scripting and coaching
What’s a code of ethics?
- a collection of principles that are intended to guide decision making by members of an organization.
What are the 3 ethic fundamental tenets?
- Responsibility: accepting consequences
- Accountability: determining who is responsible when a situation occurs
- Liability: legal concept about having the right to recover for damages done to them.
*What is unethical is not necessarily illegal
Four categories of IT ethical issues + their definitions
- Privacy issues involve collecting, storing, and disseminating information about individuals.
- Accuracy issues involve the authenticity, fidelity, and correctness of information that is collected and processed.
- Property issues involve the ownership and value of information.
- Accessibility issues revolve around who should have access to information and whether they should pay a fee for this access.
What’s privacy?
The right to be left alone and be free of unreasonable personal intrusions.
What’s information privacy?
- Right to determine when, and to what extent, information about you can be gathered or communicated to others ( applies to individuals, groups and institutions).
Two rules that countries follow closely for privacy
- The right of privacy is not absolute. Privacy must be balanced against the needs of society.
- The public’s right to know supersedes the individual’s right of privacy.
What differentiate Data Aggregation vs. Privacy
Data Aggregators collect public and non-public data (e.g., social insurance numbers and financial data) then integrate these data to form digital dossiers on most adults in North America.
